Orhan Ergun

Author Archives: Orhan Ergun

Design considerations for network mergers and acquisitions

Network mergers and acquisitions are the processes which can be seen in any type of businesses. As a network designers, our job to identify the business requirements of both existing networks and the merged network and finding best possible technical solutions for the business. There are many different areas which need to be analyzed carefully. Wrong business requirement […]

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OSPF Multi-Area Adjacency | OSPF Area Placement | RFC 5185

OSPFv2 by default setup only one adjacency over a single link. But this can be an issue some time and as a network designer you should understand the consequences and know the available solutions. Placing a link in wrong OSPF area can create an OSPF sub optimal routing especially in hub and spoke topology. In […]

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IS-IS Design considerations on MPLS backbone

IS-IS Design considerations on MPLS backbone Using IS-IS with MPLS require some important design considerations. IS-IS as a scalable link state routing protocol has been used in the Service Provider networks for decades. In fact, eight of the largest nine Service Providers use IS-IS routing protocol on their network as of today. If LDP is […]

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Carrier Ethernet – Definition | Service Types | Requirements

CARRIER ETHERNET DEFINITION Carrier Ethernet is an attempt to expand Ethernet beyond the borders of Local Area Network (LAN), into the Wide Area Networks (WAN). With Carrier Ethernet, customer sites are connected through the Wide Area Network. Carriers have connected the customers with ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and Frame Relay interfaces in the past. (User to Network Interface/UNI). […]

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IPv6 Transition Mechanisms | Dual-Stack -Tunnelling – Translation

IPv6 Transition Mechanisms The only available public IP addresses are IPv6 addresses. But vast majority of the content is still working on IPv4. How IPv6 users can connect to the IPv4 world and How IPv4 users can reach to the IPv6 content ? This is accomplished with the IPv6 transition mechanisms. In this post, I […]

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BGP Peering – Private, Public, Bilateral and Multilateral Peering

BGP Peering BGP Peering is an agreement between different Service Providers. It is an EBGP neighborship between different Service Providers to send BGP traffic between them without paying upstream Service Provider.   To understand BGP peering, first we must understand how networks are connected to each other on the Internet. The Internet is a collection […]

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What is reliability in networking ?

What is reliability in networking ? Why reliability is an important design tool ? I will provide the answers of these questions with the examples in this post. Reliability is within the reasonable amount of time, which depends on the application type and architecture, delivering the legitimate packets from source to destination. This time is […]

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Spanning Tree Best Practices

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a control plane mechanism for Ethernet. It is used to create a Layer 2 topology (a tree) by placing the root switch on top of the tree. Since classical Ethernet works based on data plane learning and Ethernet frames don’t have TTL for loop prevention, loops are prevented by the […]

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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Quiz,Questions and Detailed Answers

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) a.k.a Bloody Good Protocol quiz ! I prepared 20 Questions in this quiz for you. Intend of this quiz to provide you the BGP design information. This quiz is part of the BGP Review Questions of my upcoming new version of CCDE Workbook. There will be hundreds of questions in it and […]

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Four of my students passed the CCDE Practical exam in August 2016

Hi everyone, I am glad to announce that below 4 of my students passed the CCDE Practical exam in August 2016 after attending my CCDE Training Program and got their CCDE numbers yesterday. Hashiru Aminu – CCIE (R&S,SP,SEC) & CCDE 2016::14 Anders C. Pedersen – CCIE #42544 (SP) & CCDE 2016::15 Muhammad Abubakar Sidduque – CCIE (SP,DC) & JNCIE & […]

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Free Webinar : Introduction to Mobile Broadband Technologies

You are invited to attend the one hour Technical Webinar “Introduction to Mobile Broadband Technologies”. The essential Mobile Broadband Concepts and principles are illustrated with the below Agenda 1- The Mobile Broadband Journey (2G,3G,4G,LTE,5G) 2- Meet the Packet Switched Core 3- Training Review This webinar is recommended to : Network Professionals who are interested to […]

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IS-IS level 1, IS-IS Routing Protocol Levels

What is IS-IS Level 1 ? Why IS-IS level 1 is used ? What are the IS-IS levels ? What is the corresponding Area type in OSPF ? IS-IS Level 1 is also called as IS-IS Level 1 sub domain. IS-IS is a link state routing protocol, similar to OSPF. You can read detail comparison […]

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What is MPLS tunnel label and why it is used ?

In networking we use many times different terms to define the same thing. MPLS tunnel label or transport label are just two of those. Not only transport and tunnel labels but also other terms are used to define the same thing which these labels provide. Let me explain first why and where MPLS tunnel label is […]

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What is flow-based load balancing ?

Flow-based load balancing is used mostly in layer 2 networks, although in Layer 3 routing, packets can be load balanced per packets or per flow, flow-based load balancing is commonly used with the Local area network, datacenter and datacenter interconnect technologies. There are two important load balancing mechanisms in layer 2. Vlan-based load balancing and […]

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What does PE-CE mean in MPLS ?

What does PE-CE mean in the context of MPLS ? What is CE , P and PE device in MPLS and MPLS VPN ? These are foundational terms and definition in MPLS. MPLS is one of the most commonly used encapsulation mechanism in Service Provider networks and before studying more advanced mechanisms, this article is […]

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CCDE July 2016 Onsite Bootcamp in Las Vegas

I am glad to announce that next bootcamp of this year will be on July 2016 in Las Vegas , right after Cisco Live. Last day of Cisco Live will be the first day of my CCDE class. Extend your vacation 5 more days, inform your company by now, get approval and meet me there […]

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More network design resources are available for subscribers !

As a reader of this blog, you can access all of the posts on the website for free. But if you don’t know yet, this website has a membership area. When you become a member you get access to 50+ hours network design videos which will help you in Cisco CCDE exam as well as real-life […]

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BGP As-path prepending – Use cases, Alternatives and Challenges

BGP As-path is a mandatory BGP attribute which has to be sent in every BGP message. BGP as-path prepending is one of the BGP traffic engineering methods which will be explained in detail throughout this post.    Outline:  What is BGP As-path attribute ? Why BGP as-path attribute is used ? What is BGP as-path prepending […]

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