Potaroo blog

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Not All IP Addresses are the Same

One IP address is much the same as another - right? There's hardly a difference between 192.0.2.45 and 192.0.2.46 is there? They are just encoded integer values, and aside from numerological considerations, one address value is as good or bad as any other - right? So IP addresses are much the same as each other, and an after-market in IP addresses should be like many other markets in undistinguished commodity goods. Right? Wrong!

A Question of DNS Protocols

One of the most prominent denial of service attacks in recent months was one that occurred in March 2013, launched against Spamhaus and Cloudflare. With a peak volume of attack traffic of some 120Gbps, it was a very significant attack. How did the attackers generate such massive volumes of attack traffic? The answer lies in the Domain Name System (DNS). The attackers asked about domain names, and the DNS system answered. Something we all do all of the time on the Internet. So how can a conventional activity of translating a domain name into an IP address be turned into a massive attack?
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