Complexity and the Thin Waist

In recent years, we have become accustomed to—and often accosted by—the phrase software eats the world. It’s become a mantra in the networking world that software defined is the future. full stop This research paper by Microsoft, however, tells a different story. According to Baumann, hardware is the new software. Or, to put it differently, even as software eats the world, hardware is taking over an ever increasing amount of the functionality software is doing. In showing this point, the paper also points out the complexity problems involved in dissolving the thin waist of an architecture.

The specific example used in the paper is the Intel x86 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). Many years ago, when I was a “youngster” in the information technology field, there were a number of different processor platforms; the processor wars waged in full. There were, primarily, the x86 platform, by Intel, beginning with the 8086, and its subsequent generations, the 8088, 80286, 80386, then the Pentium, etc. On the other side of the world, there were the RISC based processors, the kind stuffed into Apple products, Cisco routers, and Sun Sparc workstations (like the one that I used daily while in Cisco TAC). The argument Continue reading

Worth Reading: 5G and Internet Technology

5G is the latest generation of cellular network standards. There’s a tremendous amount of activity around it in the industry. But how does 5G relate to Internet technology? Are there 5G-related work items that the IETF should be working on, for instance? —APNIC

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Worth Reading: The next generation of whois

Similar to Internet DNS, WHOIS is not a single, centrally managed database. Rather, domain name registration data is held in disparate locations and administered by multiple Registries and Registrars. Further, a similar WHOIS service (maintained by Regional and National Internet Registries) exists for Numbering Resources (IPV4/V6 addresses, ASN numbers) on Internet. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, we will only talk about domain name WHOIS in this article. —APNIC

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Worth Reading: Why isn’t everyone running DNSSEC?

Given how critical DNS is to the functioning of the Internet, it’s a mystery that the world is prepared to accept such a security-deficient protocol at the core of all its infrastructure. What’s even crazier is that there’s a secure solution that’s been in the pipeline for over a decade: DNS security extensions, or DNSSEC. —APNIC

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Worth Reading: Are more specifics harmful?

The number of more specific advertisements in the IPv4 Internet is more than 50% of all advertisements, and the comparable picture in IPv6 has more specific advertisements approaching 40% of all network advertisements. It is tempting to label this use of more specifics as part of the trashing of the Internet commons. Individual networks optimise their position by large-scale advertising of more specifics, which in turn, creates an incremental cost on all other networks in terms of increased BGP table size and increased overhead of processing BGP updates. The question I’d like to look at here is whether these more specific advertisements represent a significant imposition on everyone else, or whether they are simply unavoidable. —APNIC

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Worth Reading: Hijacking Bitcoin

It turns out that if you can hijack less than a hundred BGP prefixes (feasible) you can isolate about 50% of the mining power in the network. Once a collection of nodes are partitioned from the network the network becomes more vulnerable to double spending attacks, transaction filtering, and selfish mining attacks. —Morning Paper

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Worth Reading: Why data integration is on the front line

Data is increasingly viewed as a strategic asset with real revenue impact for businesses of every size. A 2016 Capgemini survey found 61% of executives surveyed felt big data was a driver of revenue and was as valuable to their bottom line as the products or services they sell. Additionally, 65% of the surveyed executives felt they risked becoming irrelevant or uncompetitive if they failed to embrace big data. —Data Center Journal

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Worth Reading: A brittle and fragile future

While this is not intended to be a dystopian rant, I feel strongly motivated to draw attention to the fragile and interdependent future we are creating through the use of programmable devices and systems. Some of you are, no doubt, rather tired of this theme, but as we equip cyber-physical and virtual systems with programs that animate their functions, it seems inescapable that over time they will become increasingly interdependent and that may produce vulnerabilities and fragilities that will be exploited by inimical parties or will simply create difficult and even unrecoverable failures. —ACM Queue

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Worth Reading: The impact of more specifics in the DFZ

Here I’ll examine the collected statistics of the use of more specific routing advertisements in BGP in further detail, looking at the impact of more specifics on the growth of the routing system and the dynamics of BGP updates in the larger context of scaling BGP to meet the demands of an ever-larger Internet. —potaroo

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Green Doors

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Worth Reading: Subscription based networking

Cisco’s big announcement this week ahead of Cisco Live was their new Intent-based Networking push. This new portfolio does include new switching platforms in the guise of the Catalyst 9000 series, but the majority of the innovation is coming in the software layer. Articles released so far tout the ability of the network to sense context, provide additional security based on advanced heuristics, and more. But the one thing that seems to be getting little publicity is the way you’re going to be paying for software going forward. —Networking Nerd

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Worth Reading: Characterizing IPv6 load balancing

Routers that perform load balancing choose among multiple next-hop routers when forwarding packets. In Figure 1, router R1 chooses among R2 and R3. In general, the next-hop is chosen by computing a hash over a subset of fields in each packet’s IP header. Hashing different subsets of IP header fields allow control of a trade-off between the granularity of load balancing and impact on traffic. Below we describe common load balancing configurations, how well they can load balance traffic, and their possible impact on traffic. —APNIC

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Worth Reading: DevOps is not a security panacea

Many development teams view security as an impediment to agility and innovation, but efforts over the past few years have tried to integrate security controls and testing directly into DevOps workflows without sacrificing development speed and deployment flexibility.Known as DevSecOps, this marriage between security and agile development aims to implement core security tasks like event monitoring, patch management, privilege control and vulnerability assessment directly into DevOps processes. This includes dynamic and static vulnerability testing at all levels of the development cycle, so that major flaws can be discovered early on, before the code makes it into production. —The New Stack

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Worth Reading: Behind the 200g hype

In the run up to NGON 2017 in Nice, the hype machines from optical vendors have been spinning up in anticipation of one of the most reported shows in our industry. In particular, there have been several announcements around 200G recently – many touting “first” or “lowest power” or “best performance”. It is important that reporters, analysts, and customers understand what’s going on behind the hype. —ECI

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Reaction: The End of MPLS?

Jason Wells, over on LinkedIn, has an article up about the end of MPLS; to wit—

MPLS, according to Akkiraju, is old-hat and inefficient – why should a branch office backhaul to get their cloud data, when Internet connections might be faster – and 100X cheaper? Cisco, in acquiring Viptela, has brought Akkiraju, his company, and his perspective back into the fold, perhaps heralding the beginning of the end of Cisco’s MPLS-based offerings (or at least the beginning of the end of the mindset that they should still have an MPLS-based offering).

To being—I actually work with Aryaka on occasion, and within the larger SD-WAN world more often (I am a member of the TAB over at Velocloud, for instance). This is decidedly not a post about the usefulness or future of SD-WAN solutions (though I do have opinions there, as you might have guessed). Rather, what I want to point out is that we, in the networking industry, tend to be rather sloppy about our language in ways that are not helpful.

To understand, it is useful to back up a few years and consider other technologies where our terms have become confused, and how it has impacted our Continue reading

Worth Reading: The blue disco ball

We deal with procurement departments every day. It’s a fact of modern day corporate life. But this week, I’ve had to respond to so many RFPs asking for “blue disco balls,” (my metaphoric name for a specific kind of middle management error that most vendors, suppliers and even solutions providers love most), I’m thinking about hanging one over my desk. What is a “blue disco ball?” Here’s a story I wrote last year about every senior executive’s worst nightmare and every vendor’s holiday bonus all rolled into a budget-busting good time. —Shelly Palmer

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Worth Reading: High performance computing poised for change

There is a lot of change coming down the pike in the high performance computing arena, but it has not happened as yet and that is reflected in the current Top 500 rankings of supercomputers in the world. But the June 2017 list gives us a glimpse into the future, which we think will be as diverse and contentious from an architectural standpoint as in the past. —The Next Platform

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On the ‘net: Interview on my network career

I was recently interviewed for a new network career site—

I started out building small networks on a lot of different technologies in the USAF, primarily Banyan Vines and Novell Netware, over Token Bus, Thicknet, and other technologies. We implemented a fiber backbone, and I helped replace the old physical switch telephone system main frame with a modern (at that time) SS7 based design. After this, I worked for a small Value Added Reseller around New York City, and then the ASME as a network administrator, then at BASF in the Advanced Technology Group. At this point my wife and I moved to Raleigh, and I started at Cisco TAC in the hardware team. From there I moved to the Routing Protocols team, then Global Escalation, and then into engineering in various roles around Cisco IOS Software and XR. After Cisco, I moved to Verisign Labs, where I primarily focused on security in a more research oriented role, then to Ericsson, working on IPOS, and now LinkedIn.

This looks like a great resource, worth following.

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Worth Reading: What if we designed differently?

Imagine if the design of your electrical supply was optimised to apply the biggest possible voltage and current to anything that was plugged in. That would clearly be ridiculous! Imagine if the design of your kitchen tap was optimised to deliver as much water as possible at the highest possible pressure the moment you turned it on. That would clearly be ridiculous! Imagine if the design of your gas cooker was optimised to burn everything to a crisp as fast as possible in a white hot inferno. That would clearly be ridiculous! So, why have we optimised broadband to deliver as much bandwidth as possible? That’s clearly ridiculous! —CircleID

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Worth Reading: A different kind of bubble

If you visit San Francisco, you will find it difficult to walk more than a few blocks in central S.F. without encountering a major construction project. It seems that every decrepit low-rise building in the city has been razed and is being replaced with a gleaming new residential tower. Parking lots have been ripped up and are now sprouting condos and luxury rental flats. This boom is not overly surprising, given the centrality of San Francisco and the S.F. Bay Area in the Hipster-Techie Mental Map which I have sketched here for those who may still suffer from delusions that Washington D.C. and New York matter–(hint: they don’t.) —of two minds

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