Worth Reading: Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space

The space-filling Hilbert Curve works well when visualizing the IPv4 address space; allowing users to plot the entire address space and yield a usable image. But in IPv6, the address space is simply too large and too sparsely used to get anything useful out of such a plot. —Luuk Hendriks @APNIC

History of Networking: QUIC

Worth Reading: Third Party Problems

With the rise of next-generation technologies, companies have access to more data than ever and more opportunities to act on that data. To manage this massive influx of information, they’re extending their partner network to new third-party vendors. And although doing so is helping in ameliorating the data-volume challenge, it’s also presenting new security obstacles. —Kevin Alexandra @datacenterjournal.com

Worth Reading: Intel’s 9th Generation Chips

Intel’s 9th Gen Core processors are here, and, as expected, they’re simply a refresh of the last generation of chips, with the same 14nm process the company’s been using since 2014. —Chaim Gartenberg @theverge

BGP and Suboptimal Route Reflection

One of the crucial points in understanding the operation of BGP is the reliance on the AS path to ensure all routes are loop-free. Within a single AS, however, there is no AS path. How, then, can you ensure the path through an AS is loop-free? The original plan was to fully mesh all the BGP speakers in the AS (a full mesh of iBGP speakers)—but building and maintaining a full mesh of iBGP speakers is difficult, so other solutions were quickly designed. The first of these as the BGP Confederation, which allows a set of autonomous systems to look like a single AS from the outside. This solution, however, is also cumbersome, so… the RR was invented.

The basic operation of an RR is fairy simple; as new attribute, the cluster list, is added to a route as is passes from client to server. The cluster list contains as list of the clusters the route has passed through, identified by the identifier of the route reflector that “heads” the cluster. If a Continue reading

Worth Reading: Next Steps for Edge Computing

Edge computing has gradually climbed the hype curve over the last couple of years, and it now stands at the center of why we do new things and launch new technologies. Why is it so important, what does it mean, where is the money behind the movement, and what does it mean to you? These are all good questions, and there is no simple answer to any of them. —Ildiko Vancsa @opensource.com

Columns and Pews

Weekend Reads ‭18B62‬

Members of the EU Parliament voted to advance the new Copyright Directive, even though it contained two extreme and unworkable clauses: Article 13 (“Censorship Machines”) that would filter everything everyone posts to online platforms to see if matches a crowdsourced database of “copyrighted works” that anyone could add anything to; and Article 11 (“The Link Tax”), a ban on quote more than one word from an article when linking to them unless you are using a platform that has paid for a linking license. The link tax provision allows, but does not require, member states to create exceptions and limitations to protect online speech. —Cory Doctorow @EFF

So it is my belief that 5G will initially be used by industries in constrained, “safe” environments. In these environments, operators and the industries involved will learn what is possible and what the limitations are. Then, if necessary, new requirements can be generated that allow the mobile technology to meet all the needs of the mission critical businesses. If these new requirements are extensive, then it will herald the start of 6G. —David Stokes @LightTalk

The shortage of qualified security analysts is an issue that the IT security industry has been dealing with Continue reading

Worth Reading: Upstream visibility

The most common approach for displaying BGP data collected is to use an animated graph, for example, BGPlay. In this type of visualization, each node of the graph is an AS and each link is a peering session among ASes. Every time a BGP update is applied, the links in the graph change according to the new status. —Massimo Candela @APNIC

Technologies that Didn’t: The OSI Protocol Stack

The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model is the most often taught model of data transmission—although it is not all that useful in terms of describing how modern networks work. What many engineers who have come into network engineering more recently do not know is there was an entire protocol suite that went with the OSI model. Each of the layers within the OSI model, in fact, had multiple protocols specified to fill the functions of that layer. For instance, X.25, while older than the OSI model, was adopted into the OSI suite to provide point-to-point connectivity over some specific kinds of physical circuits. Moving up the stack a little, there were several protocols that provided much the same service as the widely used Internet Protocol (IP). @ECI

Worth Reading: iptables tips and tricks

The iptables userspace command-line tool builds upon this functionality to provide a powerful firewall, which you can configure by adding rules to form a firewall policy. iptables can be very daunting with its rich set of capabilities and baroque command syntax. —Gary Smith @opensource.com

Worth Reading: eVPN on the host

Virtual machines in the Linux ecosystem are mostly KVM deployments and in many cases deployed in combination with Openstack. There are different multi tenant architectures, but the most common one is to build an overlay network with VXLAN between the hypervisors. To reach resources outside the specific tenant environment, dedicated network nodes are being used. —Attilla de Groot @Cumulus

The State of IPv6 Deployment

Worth Reading: Network Troubleshooting

Approach a problem with an open mind, distill the “signal from the noise”, and test your hypothesis. A well-defined problem description is essential to moving forward towards final resolution. When a sports team wins the championship (you pick your favorite activity), it is not by accident. Behind every team is a coach, who leads by experience — with a game plan. Plans are built upon communication between team members. @IPSpace

Worth Reading: Most home routers are insecure

Research conducted by the American Consumer Institute Center for Citizen Research indicates that the routers commonly found in homes are huge security vulnerabilities for consumers and their employers. The center’s analysis shows that of 186 sampled routers, 155 (83%) were found vulnerable to potential cyberattacks. @Dark Reading

Short Take: It’s always been done that way

Worth Reading: Packet level network telemetry

Continuous monitoring is an essential part of detecting security issues, misconfiguration, equipment failure, as well as performing traffic engineering. With networks growing in size, complexity, and traffic volume, the need for continuous and precise monitoring is greater than ever before. —Oliver Michel @APNIC

Worth Reading: Who do you trust?

Trust. It’s a simple word, but I think it’s at the heart of a recent social media brouhaha surrounding Apple’s recent revelations regarding “iTunes device trust scores.” —Richard Ford @Dark Reading

Worth Reading: WiFi Rebrands

According to a Wednesday press release, the new approach will name the generations in a numerical sequence relative to new advancements in Wi-Fi technology. This will make it easier for vendors to denote which standards their devices support, for service providers to explain what their network offers, and for users to understand which products work with which standards. —Conner Forrest @Tech Republic

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