Improve your media pipelines with the Images binding for Cloudflare Workers
When building a full-stack application, many developers spend a surprising amount of time trying to make sure that the various services they use can communicate and interact with each other. Media-rich applications require image and video pipelines that can integrate seamlessly with the rest of your technology stack.
With this in mind, we’re excited to introduce the Images binding, a way to connect the Images API directly to your Worker and enable new, programmatic workflows. The binding removes unnecessary friction from application development by allowing you to transform, overlay, and encode images within the Cloudflare Developer Platform ecosystem.
In this post, we’ll explain how the Images binding works, as well as the decisions behind local development support. We’ll also walk through an example app that watermarks and encodes a user-uploaded image, then uploads the output directly to an R2 bucket.
Cloudflare Images was designed to help developers build scalable, cost-effective, and reliable image pipelines. You can deliver multiple copies of an image — each resized, manipulated, and encoded based on your needs. Only the original image needs to be stored; different versions are generated dynamically, or as requested by a user’s browser, then subsequently served Continue reading
A steam locomotive from 1993 broke my yarn test
So the story begins with a pair programming session I had with my colleague, which I desperately needed because my node skill tree is still at level 1, and I needed to get started with React because I'll be working on our internal backstage instance.
We worked together on a small feature, tested it locally, and it worked. Great. Now it's time to make My Very First React Commit. So I ran the usual git add and git commit, which hooked into yarn test, to automatically run unit tests for backstage, and that's when everything got derailed. For all the React tutorials I have followed, I have never actually run a yarn test on my machine. And the first time I tried yarn test, it hung, and after a long time, the command eventually failed:
Determining test suites to run...
● Test suite failed to run
thrown: [Error]
error Command failed with exit code 1.
info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/run for documentation about this command.
🌈 backstage ⚡I could tell it was obviously unhappy about something, and then it threw some [Error]. I have very little actual JavaScript experience, but this looks suspiciously like someone had neglected to Continue reading
“You get Instant Purge, and you get Instant Purge!” — all purge methods now available to all customers
There's a tradition at Cloudflare of launching real products on April 1, instead of the usual joke product announcements circulating online today. In previous years, we've introduced impactful products like 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.1 for Families. Today, we're excited to continue this tradition by making every purge method available to all customers, regardless of plan type.
During Birthday Week 2024, we announced our intention to bring the full suite of purge methods — including purge by URL, purge by hostname, purge by tag, purge by prefix, and purge everything — to all Cloudflare plans. Historically, methods other than "purge by URL" and "purge everything" were exclusive to Enterprise customers. However, we've been openly rebuilding our purge pipeline over the past few years (hopefully you’ve read some of our blog series), and we're thrilled to share the results more broadly. We've spent recent months ensuring the new Instant Purge pipeline performs consistently under 150 ms, even during increased load scenarios, making it ready for every customer.
But that's not all — we're also significantly raising the default purge rate limits for Enterprise customers, allowing even greater purge throughput thanks to the efficiency of our Continue reading
Three chapters at Cloudflare: Programmer to CTO to Board of Directors
Today, after more than 13 years at the company, I am joining Cloudflare’s board of directors and retiring from my full-time position as CTO.
Back in 2012 I wrote a short post on my personal site simply titled: Programmer. The post announced that I’d recently joined a company called CloudFlare (still sporting that capital “F”) with the job title Programmer. I’d chosen that title in part because it was the very first title I’d ever had, and because it would reflect what I’d be doing at Cloudflare.
I had spent a lot of time working at startups—in technical and then management roles—and wanted to go back to the really technical part that I loved most. Cloudflare gave me that opportunity, and I worked on a lot of systems that make up the Cloudflare that so many people around the world use today.
Looking back on my time at the company it’s really, really hard to pick my top highlights. In 2019 I wrote 6,000 words on the experience of helping build Cloudflare. But here are five that stand out:
The night we finished the preparation to launch Universal SSL sticks in my memory. We set out to Continue reading
Project Jengo for Sable — final winners!
With Cloudflare’s victory against patent trolls Sable IP and Sable Networks in the books, it’s time to close out the case’s Project Jengo competition.
In our last update, we talked about the conclusion of Sable’s 3+ year campaign to extort a payment from Cloudflare based on meritless patent infringement claims. After Cloudflare’s victory at trial in February 2024, Sable finally — and fully — capitulated, agreeing to: (1) pay Cloudflare $225,000, (2) grant Cloudflare a royalty-free license to Sable’s entire patent portfolio, and (3) dedicate all of Sable’s patents to the public.
With the fight against Sable ended, we announced the Conclusion of the Case under the Project Jengo Sable Rules. Now that the Grace Period has passed, we are pleased to announce the final winners of Project Jengo for the Sable case!
Read on for background on the case, details on the Project Jengo final winners, and other patent troll-related updates.
For anyone unfamiliar with the Sable case, the story can be traced back all the way to 2006, when patent troll Sable bought patents from a company going out of business. In 2021, fifteen years after buying the patents, Sable filed suit Continue reading
Build and deploy Remote Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers to Cloudflare
It feels like almost everyone building AI applications and agents is talking about the Model Context Protocol (MCP), as well as building MCP servers that you install and run locally on your own computer.
You can now build and deploy remote MCP servers to Cloudflare. We’ve added four things to Cloudflare that handle the hard parts of building remote MCP servers for you:
workers-oauth-provider — an OAuth Provider that makes authorization easy
McpAgent — a class built into the Cloudflare Agents SDK that handles remote transport
mcp-remote — an adapter that lets MCP clients that otherwise only support local connections work with remote MCP servers
AI playground as a remote MCP client — a chat interface that allows you to connect to remote MCP servers, with the authentication check included
The button below, or the developer docs, will get you up and running in production with this example MCP server in less than two minutes:
Unlike the local MCP servers you may have previously used, remote MCP servers are accessible on the Internet. People simply sign in and grant permissions to MCP clients using familiar authorization flows. We think this is going to be a massive deal — connecting coding agents Continue reading
Open-sourcing OpenPubkey SSH (OPKSSH): integrating single sign-on with SSH
OPKSSH makes it easy to SSH with single sign-on technologies like OpenID Connect, thereby removing the need to manually manage and configure SSH keys. It does this without adding a trusted party other than your identity provider (IdP).
We are excited to announce OPKSSH (OpenPubkey SSH) has been open-sourced under the umbrella of the OpenPubkey project. While the underlying protocol OpenPubkey became an open source Linux foundation project in 2023, OPKSSH was closed source and owned by BastionZero (now Cloudflare). Cloudflare has gifted this code to the OpenPubkey project, making it open source.
In this post, we describe what OPKSSH is, how it simplifies SSH management, and what OPKSSH being open source means for you.
A cornerstone of modern access control is single sign-on (SSO), where a user authenticates to an identity provider (IdP), and in response the IdP issues the user a token. The user can present this token to prove their identity, such as “Google says I am Alice”. SSO is the rare security technology that both increases convenience — users only need to sign in once to get access to many different systems — and increases security.
Cloudflare incident on March 21, 2025
Multiple Cloudflare services, including R2 object storage, experienced an elevated rate of errors for 1 hour and 7 minutes on March 21, 2025 (starting at 21:38 UTC and ending 22:45 UTC). During the incident window, 100% of write operations failed and approximately 35% of read operations to R2 failed globally. Although this incident started with R2, it impacted other Cloudflare services including Cache Reserve, Images, Log Delivery, Stream, and Vectorize.
While rotating credentials used by the R2 Gateway service (R2's API frontend) to authenticate with our storage infrastructure, the R2 engineering team inadvertently deployed the new credentials (ID and key pair) to a development instance of the service instead of production. When the old credentials were deleted from our storage infrastructure (as part of the key rotation process), the production R2 Gateway service did not have access to the new credentials. This ultimately resulted in R2’s Gateway service not being able to authenticate with our storage backend. There was no data loss or corruption that occurred as part of this incident: any in-flight uploads or mutations that returned successful HTTP status codes were persisted.
Once the root cause was identified and we realized we hadn’t deployed Continue reading
Security Week 2025: in review
Thank you for following along with another Security Week at Cloudflare. We’re extremely proud of the work our team does to make the Internet safer and to help meet the challenge of emerging threats. As our CISO Grant Bourzikas outlined in his kickoff post this week, security teams are facing a landscape of rapidly increasing complexity introduced by vendor sprawl, an “AI Boom”, and an ever-growing surface area to protect.
As we continuously work to meet new challenges, Innovation Weeks like Security Week give us an invaluable opportunity to share our point of view and engage with the wider Internet community. Cloudflare’s mission is to help build a better Internet. We want to help safeguard the Internet from the arrival of quantum supercomputers, help protect the livelihood of content creators from unauthorized AI scraping, help raise awareness of the latest Internet threats, and help find new ways to help reduce the reuse of compromised passwords. Solving these challenges will take a village. We’re grateful to everyone who has engaged with us on these issues via social media, contributed to our open source repositories, and reached out through our technology partner program to work with us on the issues most Continue reading
New URLPattern API brings improved pattern matching to Node.js and Cloudflare Workers
Today, we are excited to announce that we have contributed an implementation of the URLPattern API to Node.js, and it is available starting with the v23.8.0 update. We've done this by adding our URLPattern implementation to Ada URL, the high-performance URL parser that now powers URL handling in both Node.js and Cloudflare Workers. This marks an important step toward bringing this API to the broader JavaScript ecosystem.
Cloudflare Workers has, from the beginning, embraced a standards-based JavaScript programming model, and Cloudflare was one of the founding companies for what has evolved into ECMA's 55th Technical Committee, focusing on interoperability between Web-interoperable runtimes like Workers, Node.js, Deno, and others. This contribution highlights and marks our commitment to this ongoing philosophy. Ensuring that all the JavaScript runtimes work consistently and offer at least a minimally consistent set of features is critical to ensuring the ongoing health of the ecosystem as a whole.
URLPattern API contribution is just one example of Cloudflare’s ongoing commitment to the open-source ecosystem. We actively contribute to numerous open-source projects including Node.js, V8, and Ada URL, while also maintaining our own open-source initiatives like workerd and wrangler. By upstreaming improvements Continue reading
Cloudflare is now IRAP assessed at the PROTECTED level, furthering our commitment to the global public sector
We are excited to announce our public sector suite of services for Australia, Cloudflare for Government - Australia, has been assessed under the Infosec Registered Assessor Program (IRAP) at the PROTECTED level in Australia.
IRAP, established by the Australian government, provides a rigorous, standardized approach to security assessment for cloud products and services. Achieving IRAP PROTECTED assessment reinforces our commitment to providing secure, high-performance solutions for government agencies and highly regulated industries across the globe.
Obtaining our IRAP assessment is one part of our broader strategy to scale out our Cloudflare for Government offering to as many areas of the world as possible. Cloudflare’s global network offers governments and highly regulated customers a unique capability to be within 50ms of 95% of Internet users globally, while also offering robust security for data processing, key management, and metadata storage. Earlier this year, we announced that we completed our ENS certification in Spain, and we are well underway on the development of our FedRAMP High systems in the United States.
Cloudflare’s network spans more than 330 cities in over 120 countries, where we interconnect with approximately 13,000 network providers in order to provide a broad range of services to Continue reading
Improving Data Loss Prevention accuracy with AI-powered context analysis
We are excited to announce our latest innovation to Cloudflare’s Data Loss Prevention (DLP) solution: a self-improving AI-powered algorithm that adapts to your organization’s unique traffic patterns to reduce false positives.
Many customers are plagued by the shapeshifting task of identifying and protecting their sensitive data as it moves within and even outside of their organization. Detecting this data through deterministic means, such as regular expressions, often fails because they cannot identify details that are categorized as personally identifiable information (PII) nor intellectual property (IP). This can generate a high rate of false positives, which contributes to noisy alerts that subsequently may lead to review fatigue. Even more critically, this less than ideal experience can turn users away from relying on our DLP product and result in a reduction in their overall security posture.
Built into Cloudflare’s DLP Engine, AI enables us to intelligently assess the contents of a document or HTTP request in parallel with a customer’s historical reports to determine context similarity and draw conclusions on data sensitivity with increased accuracy.
In this blog post, we’ll explore DLP AI Context Analysis, its implementation using Workers AI and Vectorize, and future improvements we’re developing.
Prepping for post-quantum: a beginner’s guide to lattice cryptography
The cryptography that secures the Internet is evolving, and it's time to catch up. This post is a tutorial on lattice cryptography, the paradigm at the heart of the post-quantum (PQ) transition.
Twelve years ago (in 2013), the revelation of mass surveillance in the US kicked off the widespread adoption of TLS for encryption and authentication on the web. This transition was buoyed by the standardization and implementation of new, more efficient public-key cryptography based on elliptic curves. Elliptic curve cryptography was both faster and required less communication than its predecessors, including RSA and Diffie-Hellman over finite fields.
Today's transition to PQ cryptography addresses a looming threat for TLS and beyond: once built, a sufficiently large quantum computer can be used to break all public-key cryptography in use today. And we continue to see advancements in quantum-computer engineering that bring us closer to this threat becoming a reality.
Fortunately, this transition is well underway. The research and standards communities have spent the last several years developing alternatives that resist quantum cryptanalysis. For its part, Cloudflare has contributed to this process and is an early adopter of newly developed schemes. In fact, PQ encryption has been available at our edge since Continue reading
Enhance data protection in Microsoft Outlook with Cloudflare One’s new DLP Assist
Cloudflare Email Security customers using Microsoft Outlook can now enhance their data protection using our new DLP Assist capability. This application scans emails in real time as users compose them, identifying potential data loss prevention (DLP) violations, such as Social Security or credit card numbers. Administrators can instantly alert users of violations and take action downstream, whether by blocking or encrypting messages, to prevent sensitive information from leaking. DLP Assist is lightweight, easy to deploy, and helps organizations maintain compliance without disrupting workflow.
After speaking with our customers, we discovered a common challenge: many wanted to implement a data loss prevention policy for Outlook, but found existing solutions either too complex to set up or too costly to adopt.
That’s why we created DLP Assist to be a lightweight application that can be installed in minutes. Unlike other solutions, it doesn’t require changes to outbound email connectors or provide concerns about IP reputation to customers. By fully leveraging the Microsoft ecosystem, DLP Assist makes email DLP accessible to all organizations, whether they have dedicated IT teams or none at all.
We also recognized that traditional DLP solutions often demand significant financial investment in not just software Continue reading
Detecting sensitive data and misconfigurations in AWS and GCP with Cloudflare One
Today is the final day of Security Week 2025, and after a great week of blog posts across a variety of topics, we’re excited to share the latest on Cloudflare’s data security products.
This announcement takes us to Cloudflare’s SASE platform, Cloudflare One, used by enterprise security and IT teams to manage the security of their employees, applications, and third-party tools, all in one place.
Starting today, Cloudflare One users can now use the CASB (Cloud Access Security Broker) product to integrate with and scan Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 and Google Cloud Storage, for posture- and Data Loss Prevention (DLP)-related security issues. Create a free account to check it out.
Scanning both point-in-time and continuously, users can identify misconfigurations in Identity and Access Management (IAM), bucket, and object settings, and detect sensitive information, like Social Security numbers, credit card numbers, or any other pattern using regex, in cloud storage objects.
Over the last few years, our customers — predominantly security and IT teams — have told us about their appreciation for CASB’s simplicity and effectiveness as a SaaS security product. Its number of supported integrations, its ease of setup, and speed in identifying critical issues Continue reading
RDP without the risk: Cloudflare’s browser-based solution for secure third-party access
Short-lived SSH access made its debut on Cloudflare’s SASE platform in October 2024. Leveraging the knowledge gained through the BastionZero acquisition, short-lived SSH access enables organizations to apply Zero Trust controls in front of their Linux servers. That was just the beginning, however, as we are thrilled to announce the release of a long-requested feature: clientless, browser-based support for the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). Built on top of Cloudflare’s modern proxy architecture, our RDP proxy offers a secure and performant solution that, critically, is also easy to set up, maintain, and use.
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) was born in 1998 with Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition. If you have never heard of that Windows version, it’s because, well, there’s been 16 major Windows releases since then. Regardless, RDP is still used across thousands of organizations to enable remote access to Windows servers. It’s a bit of a strange protocol that relies on a graphical user interface to display screen captures taken in very close succession in order to emulate the interactions on the remote Windows server. (There’s more happening here beyond the screen captures, including drawing commands, bitmap updates, and even video streams. Continue reading
Cloudflare named a leader in Web Application Firewall Solutions in 2025 Forrester report
Forrester Research has recognized Cloudflare as a Leader in it's The Forrester Wave™: Web Application Firewall Solutions, Q1 2025 report. This market analysis helps security and risk professionals select the right solution for their needs. According to Forrester:
“Cloudflare is a strong option for customers that want to manage an easy-to-use, unified web application protection platform that will continue to innovate.”
In this evaluation, Forrester assessed 10 Web Application Firewall (WAF) vendors across 22 criteria, including product security and vision. We believe this recognition is due to our continued investment in our product offering. Get a complimentary copy of the report here.
Since introducing our first WAF in 2013, Cloudflare has transformed it into a robust, enterprise-grade Application Security platform. Our fully integrated suite includes WAF, bot mitigation, API security, client-side protection, and DDoS mitigation, all built on our expansive global network. By leveraging AI and machine learning, we deliver industry-leading security while enhancing application performance through our content delivery and optimization solutions.
According to the Forrester report, “Cloudflare stands out with features that help customers work more efficiently.” Unlike other solutions in the market, Cloudflare’s WAF, API Security, bot detection, client-side security, and DDoS protection are natively Continue reading
HTTPS-only for Cloudflare APIs: shutting the door on cleartext traffic
Connections made over cleartext HTTP ports risk exposing sensitive information because the data is transmitted unencrypted and can be intercepted by network intermediaries, such as ISPs, Wi-Fi hotspot providers, or malicious actors on the same network. It’s common for servers to either redirect or return a 403 (Forbidden) response to close the HTTP connection and enforce the use of HTTPS by clients. However, by the time this occurs, it may be too late, because sensitive information, such as an API token, may have already been transmitted in cleartext in the initial client request. This data is exposed before the server has a chance to redirect the client or reject the connection.
A better approach is to refuse the underlying cleartext connection by closing the network ports used for plaintext HTTP, and that’s exactly what we’re going to do for our customers.
Today we’re announcing that we’re closing all of the HTTP ports on api.cloudflare.com. We’re also making changes so that api.cloudflare.com can change IP addresses dynamically, in line with on-going efforts to decouple names from IP addresses, and reliably managing addresses in our authoritative DNS. This will enhance the agility and flexibility of our API Continue reading
Making Application Security simple with a new unified dashboard experience
Over the years, we have framed our Application Security features against market-defined product groupings such as Web Application Firewall (WAF), DDoS Mitigation, Bot Management, API Security (API Shield), Client Side Security (Page Shield), and so forth. This has led to unnecessary artificial separation of what is, under the hood, a well-integrated single platform.
This separation, which has sometimes guided implementation decisions that have led to different systems being built for the same purpose, makes it harder for our users to adopt our features and implement a simple effective security posture for their environment.
Today, following user feedback and our drive to constantly innovate and simplify, we are going back to our roots by breaking these artificial product boundaries and revising our dashboard, so it highlights our strengths. The ultimate goal remains: to make it shockingly easy to secure your web assets.
Introducing a new unified Application Security experience.
If you are a Cloudflare Application Security user, log in to the dashboard today and try out the updated dashboard interface. To make the transition easier, you can toggle between old and new interfaces.
Modern applications are built using a variety of technologies. Your app might include a web interface Continue reading
Introducing Cloudy, Cloudflare’s AI agent for simplifying complex configurations
It’s a big day here at Cloudflare! Not only is it Security Week, but today marks Cloudflare’s first step into a completely new area of functionality, intended to improve how our users both interact with, and get value from, all of our products.
We’re excited to share a first glance of how we’re embedding AI features into the management of Cloudflare products you know and love. Our first mission? Focus on security and streamline the rule and policy management experience. The goal is to automate away the time-consuming task of manually reviewing and contextualizing Custom Rules in Cloudflare WAF, and Gateway policies in Cloudflare One, so you can instantly understand what each policy does, what gaps they have, and what you need to do to fix them.
Our initial step toward a fully AI-enabled product experience is the introduction of Cloudy, the first version of Cloudflare AI agents, assistant-like functionality designed to help users quickly understand and improve their Cloudflare configurations in multiple areas of the product suite. You’ll start to see Cloudy functionality seamlessly embedded into two Cloudflare products across the dashboard, which we’ll talk about below.
And while the name Cloudy Continue reading