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Forwarding BUM Frames in VXLAN Network With Static Ingress Replication

In the last post we used multicast to forward BUM frames. In this post, static ingress replication is used which removes the requirement for multicast in the underlay. Before setting this up, let’s do a comparison of multicast vs ingress replication. To make this interesting, let’s use a larger topology consisting of 2 Spines and 32 Leafs:

Assume that all Leafs have the same VNIs. In a scenario with multicast, Leaf-1 sends for example an ARP request encapsulated in multicast towards Spine-1. This is a single frame. Spine-1 then replicates this frame and sends it on all its links towards the Leafs:

This is very efficient as a single frame is sent by Leaf-1 and then 31 copies are sent on the other links to the Leafs. If the ARP request is 110 bytes, then a total of 32 x 110 = 3520 bytes have been consumed to send this ARP request. This is optimal forwarding from a resource consumption perspective and one of the strengths of multicast. Now let’s compare that to ingress replication. With ingress replication, Leaf-1 sends 31x copies of the frame (with different destination IP) towards Spine-1. Spine-1 then forwards those frames on each link towards Continue reading

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Tech Bytes: Nokia’s ChatGPT App Lets Engineers Query The Network (Sponsored)

AI is making its way into network operations, and on today’s episode, sponsored by Nokia, we talk about how Nokia has developed a ChatGPT-based application that runs on its SR Linux network OS. Network engineers can use this app to query about network state, ask troubleshooting questions, check configurations, search logs, and quickly sort through reams of documentation.

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Tech Bytes: Nokia’s ChatGPT App Lets Engineers Query The Network (Sponsored)

AI is making its way into network operations, and on today’s episode, sponsored by Nokia, we talk about how Nokia has developed a ChatGPT-based application that runs on its SR Linux network OS. Network engineers can use this app to query about network state, ask troubleshooting questions, check configurations, search logs, and quickly sort through reams of documentation.

The post Tech Bytes: Nokia’s ChatGPT App Lets Engineers Query The Network (Sponsored) appeared first on Packet Pushers.

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NB453: Cisco Invests In Quantum Networking; SmartNIC Sales Surge; Intel Unplugs Another Business

Today's episode includes Cisco patching a critical vulnerability affecting IOS-XE gear, startup Prosimo releasing a cost calculator to help network engineers track their public cloud networking costs, and Juniper integrating its SD-WAN to the AWS cloud WAN. We also cover Cisco's investment in a quantum networking startup, growing DPU sales, and Intel divesting from pluggable optical modules.

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Network Break 453: Cisco Invests In Quantum Networking; SmartNIC Sales Surge; Intel Unplugs Another Business

Today's episode includes Cisco patching a critical vulnerability affecting IOS-XE gear, startup Prosimo releasing a cost calculator to help network engineers track their public cloud networking costs, and Juniper integrating its SD-WAN to the AWS cloud WAN. We also cover Cisco's investment in a quantum networking startup, growing DPU sales, and Intel divesting from pluggable optical modules.

The post Network Break 453: Cisco Invests In Quantum Networking; SmartNIC Sales Surge; Intel Unplugs Another Business appeared first on Packet Pushers.

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Intel Is Counting On AI Inference To Save The Xeon CPU

There is little question that generative AI as well as other kinds of machine learning are going to augment applications in every industry and in every part of the application stack in the coming years. …

The post Intel Is Counting On AI Inference To Save The Xeon CPU first appeared on The Next Platform.

Intel Is Counting On AI Inference To Save The Xeon CPU was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

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Weird: vJunos Evolved 23.2R1.5 Declines DHCP Address

It’s time for a Halloween story: imagine the scary scenario in which a DHCP client asks for an address, gets it, and then immediately declines it. That’s what I’ve been experiencing with vJunos Evolved release 23.2R1.15.

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Weird: vJunos Evolved 23.2R1.5 Declines DHCP Address

It’s time for a Halloween story: imagine the scary scenario in which a DHCP client asks for an address, gets it, and then immediately declines it. That’s what I’ve been experiencing with vJunos Evolved release 23.2R1.15.

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Top Tips for a Strong Zero Trust Architecture

A zero trust architecture reduces a network's attack surface and lowers the risk of a data breach. Here are some tips when implementing such an architecture.

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Worth Exploring: BGP from Theory to Practice

My good friend Tiziano Tofoni finally created an English version of his evergreen classic BGP from theory to practice with co-authors Antonio Prado and Flavio Luciani.

I had the Italian version of the book since the days I was running SDN workshops with Tiziano in Rome, and it’s really nice to see they finally decided to address a wider market.

Also, you know what would go well with that book? Free open-source BGP configuration labs of course 😉

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Worth Exploring: BGP from Theory to Practice

My good friend Tiziano Tofoni finally created an English version of his evergreen classic BGP from theory to practice with co-authors Antonio Prado and Flavio Luciani.

I had the Italian version of the book since the days I was running SDN workshops with Tiziano in Rome, and it’s really nice to see they finally decided to address a wider market.

Also, you know what would go well with that book? Free open-source BGP configuration labs of course 😉

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Forwarding BUM Frames in VXLAN Network With Multicast in Underlay

There are two main methods that can be used to forward broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) frames in a VXLAN network:

• Ingress replication.
• Multicast in underlay.

In this post, we take a detailed look at how multicast can be used to forward BUM frames by running multicast in the underlay. We are using the topology from my Building a VXLAN Lab Using Nexus9000v post. The Spine switches are configured using the Nexus feature Anycast RP. That is, no MSDP is used between the RPs. To be able to forward broadcast frames such as ARP in our topology, the following is required:

• The VTEPs must signal that they want to join the shared tree for 239.0.0.1 (to receive multicast) using a PIM Join.
• The VTEPs must signal that they intend to send multicast for 239.0.0.1 on the source tree using a PIM Register.
• The RPs must share information about the sources that they know of by forwarding PIM Register messages.
• The VTEP must encapsulate ARP packets in VXLAN and forward in the underlay using multicast.

The Leaf switches have the following configuration to enable multicast:

ip pim rp-address 192.0.2.255 group-list 224. Continue reading

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Weekend Reads 102723

Passkeys are appearing more and more in tech news, with support for them increasing. Since many administrators test out new technologies themselves first, we at CIS embarked on a short project to see what happened when an intern with our CTO team had the opportunity to implement passkeys.

Draft proposals setting a “remuneration obligation” for digital platforms started to pop up in the Brazilian congress after Australia adopted its own News Media Bargaining Code.

And can companies finally trust their data to cloud providers and actually trust that CC removes the need to worry about the cloud provider as a sub-processor with access to the data?

Google says it plans to prototype a technique to mask IP addresses via network proxies in future versions of its Chrome browser, a privacy protection similar to Apple’s iCloud Private Relay service for its Safari browser.

The cryptanalytic threat of quantum computing, particularly the “store data; decrypt later” approach, is drawing ever nearer. Unsurprisingly, the U.S. government is among those most alert to the danger.

A common critique of HTTP/3 and QUIC is that they primarily benefit the big players and companies (for example, Google and Meta), who often control one or even Continue reading

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Hedge 200: Automation with Ethan Banks

We’ve been on a long streak of discussions about automation, why it works, why it isn’t working, and what the networking industry can do about it. For this episode, we’re joined by the indubitable Ethan Banks. If you don’t think there’s anything left to say, you’ve not yet listened to Ethan!

download

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Intel shows recovery in PCs but faces competition in AI, data centers

Intel’s traditional PC dominance looked to be approaching its former rude health, but that good news in its earnings report was offset by ongoing weakness in servers.

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HN707: Getting Real With Selector’s AIOps (Sponsored)

AI and machine learning are finally being applied to networking in meaningful ways. On today's sponsored show we talk with Selector about its AIOps platform, which ingests networking logs, flows, configurations, SNMP, and other telemetry to detect patterns, spot problems, and provide contextual insights to help network engineers do their jobs better. We speak with Selector about what it is, how it works, and concrete use cases.

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Heavy Networking 707: Getting Real With Selector’s AIOps (Sponsored)

AI and machine learning are finally being applied to networking in meaningful ways. On today's sponsored show we talk with Selector about its AIOps platform, which ingests networking logs, flows, configurations, SNMP, and other telemetry to detect patterns, spot problems, and provide contextual insights to help network engineers do their jobs better. We speak with Selector about what it is, how it works, and concrete use cases.

The post Heavy Networking 707: Getting Real With Selector’s AIOps (Sponsored) appeared first on Packet Pushers.

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Hyperscale data-center capacity on pace to triple over next six years

The rush to embrace artificial intelligence, particularly generative AI, is going to drive hyperscale data-center providers like Google and Amazon to nearly triple their capacity over the next six years.That’s the conclusion from Synergy Research Group, which follows the data center market. In a new report, Synergy notes that while there are many exaggerated claims around AI, there is no doubt that generative AI is having a tremendous impact on IT markets.To read this article in full, please click here

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Hyperscale data-center capacity on pace to triple over next six years

The rush to embrace artificial intelligence, particularly generative AI, is going to drive hyperscale data-center providers like Google and Amazon to nearly triple their capacity over the next six years.That’s the conclusion from Synergy Research Group, which follows the data center market. In a new report, Synergy notes that while there are many exaggerated claims around AI, there is no doubt that generative AI is having a tremendous impact on IT markets.To read this article in full, please click here

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Early Data-Link Layer Addressing

After covering the theoretical part of network addressing (part 2, part 3), let’s go into some practical examples. I’ll start with data link layer and then move on to networking and higher layers.

The earliest data link implementations that were not point-to-point links were multi-drop links and I mentioned them in the networking challenges part of the webinar. Initially, we implemented multi-drop links with modems, but even today you can see multi-drop in satellite communications, Wi-Fi, or in cable modems.