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A brief departure from talking IPv6

There is a lot of news surrounding Net Neutrality, and potential repercussions of decisions made by courts, and some players out there that want to grab as much cash as they can, and claim it is in the best interest of their customers.

Netflix is just an example people love citing because it is bandwidth intensive, yet is not the entire story itself. Take a moment and understand how the Internet is pieced together. The Internet is a mass of interconnections between networks. These interconnections happen basically 1 of 3 ways:

transit: network A pays network B to reach every other network that isn’t A or B. Good networks usually get multiple transits for failover, and/or alternate paths to those other networks. You can buy multiple ports for bonding to increase capacity, etc. Average transit price without a Service Level Agreement (SLA, guaranteed connectivity or you can yell at us a lot and we credit you) is around $1-2/mbit, and with a SLA can hit upwards of $10/mbit. These are current avg. prices when buying 10G at a time of connectivity/capacity right now.

peering (settlement free, or “free”): Network A spends a bunch of money to get into popular Continue reading

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Large flow marking using hybrid OpenFlow

Top of rack switches are in a unique position at the edge of the network to implement traffic engineering controls. Marking large flows describes a use case for dynamically detecting and marking large flows as they enter the network:

Figure 1: Marking large flows

Physical switch hybrid OpenFlow example described how real-time sFlow analytics can be used to trigger OpenFlow controls to block denial of service attacks. This article will describe how the sFlow-RT, Floodlight OpenFlow controller, and Alcatel-Lucent OmniSwitch hybrid OpenFlow SDN controller setup can be programmed to dynamically detect and mark large (Elephant) flows as they enter the network.

Figure 2: Large flow marking controller results

In the experimental setup, a flood ping is used to generate a large flow:

ping -f 10.0.0.238 -s 1400

Figure 2 shows the results, the left half of the chart shows traffic when the controller is disabled and the right half shows traffic when the controller is enabled. The blue line trends the largest unmarked flow seen in the network and the gold line shows the largest marked flow. When controller is disabled, none of the traffic is marked. When the controller is enabled, sFlow-RT detects the large flow Continue reading

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Using the latest Open vSwitch with Devstack and OpenDaylight

While setting up my OpenDaylight OVSDB and Devstack following the awesome instructions from Kyle Mestery, I thought it would be fun to run the latest OVS from source on my compute nodes...

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Cisco ACI – Speculation of its Inner Workings

Last week I was at a Cisco users group meeting where some sales engineers were giving a presentation on the new Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) architecture and Nexus 9000 products. It was a very high-level overview, but it was interesting. I had assumed when Cisco made the ACI announcement that it would be based on […]

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The post Cisco ACI – Speculation of its Inner Workings appeared first on Packet Pushers Podcast and was written by Eric Flores.

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Why We Need to Learn During Weekend

We are group of design architects/consultants who do network design in daily basis. We are spread in different countries across Asia, Europe and Middle East. We happen to have CCDE certification too. And all of us have the same dream to build the community filled up with real design experts, those who actually do design work to solve real world's network design problems. And we want to teach real design skills based on our experiences. To help those who want to become the next design architects/consultants, or to pass CCDE exam. To achieve this, we conduct design expert workshop in various locations, during the weekend.

Wait. What?

Why do we need to learn during the weekend?
It might be a good workshop. It might be an opportunity to hear real world's network design examples. It might be a good chance to meet another design professionals.
But come on, attending technical workshop during the weekend?

I hear you. I know how it feels.
After long hours of work during weekday, we deserve our weekend. When we need to learn something related to work, we should do it during workday. When we need to learn design, we can ask the company to Continue reading

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sFlow leads convergence of multi-vendor application, server, and network performance management

Over the last six months, leading Application Delivery Controller (ADC) vendors F5 and A10 have added support for the sFlow standard to their respective TMOS and ACOS operating systems, making multi-vendor, real-time application layer visibility available in approximately 50% of commercial ADC market.

Figure 1: Best of Velocity 2012, The sFlow Standard

Equally important is the availability of sFlow support in leading open source web servers, load balancers, applications servers, hypervisors and operating systems, including: Apache, NGINX, Tomcat, Java, HAproxy, Hyper-V, Xen, KVM, Linux, Windows, Solaris, FreeBSD and AIX. The combination sFlow in ADCs and the application infrastructure behind them provides comprehensive end to end visibility in multi-tier, scale-out, application architectures.

Figure 1 shows the strategic role that ADCs (load balancers) play in controlling the flow of application requests, regulating admission, filtering, directing loads, and virtualizing services. RESTful control of ADCs combined with real-time visibility provides a powerful capability for flexing resources as demand changes, reducing costs and increasing performance as resources are closely matched to workloads.

What is unusual about diagram is the inclusion of the network. Application architects often give little thought to the network since its complexity is conveniently hidden behind APIs. Unfortunately, it is in the Continue reading

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Show 175 Dying Desktops, Insecure Firewalls, Networking The Internet of Things

This week Greg and Ethan go back and forth on a bunch of current happenings. Data Networking is full of releases, updates and progress. In 80 minutes we will discuss the topics that look important to us.

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The post Show 175 Dying Desktops, Insecure Firewalls, Networking The Internet of Things appeared first on Packet Pushers Podcast and was written by Greg Ferro.

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CEF Secret Attributes, Part 2

In Part 1 we saw there were three markings that can be potentially applied to a prefix in CEF. They are the Precedence, qos-group and traffic_index. It’s unfortunate these terms were used because we also find that we are marking prefixes in CEF, not packets, so these terms don’t perfectly map to our traditional sense […]

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The post CEF Secret Attributes, Part 2 appeared first on Packet Pushers Podcast and was written by Dan Massameno.

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Overhauling PacketLife.net for 2014

Regular readers no doubt have noticed that I haven't posted anything new in the past few months. I've been pretty busy with the holidays, home projects, and adjusting to a new job, and haven't had much time or motivation to devote to writing. Good news though: I have started on a long-overdue refresh of the Packet Life design and code base.

When I originally debuted Packet Life, I ultimately wanted it to serve as major community hub, so I built in features like the wiki and discussion forum. Although Packet Life has grown quite popular over the last few years, these areas of the site have seen little activity. Acknowledging that there are more active and useful sites out there which serve these functions, I've decided to chop off some of the bloat in favor of focusing on the blog and the site's other more popular features.

Here's the fate I've outlined for each function of the site:

Blog: The blog is the heart of the site and will remain mostly unchanged, albeit refreshed and optimized. I'm considering allow guest posts but haven't committed to the idea.

Lab: No, there are no plans to bring the community lab back online Continue reading

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IPv6 Anycast Address type

How does the internet work - We know what is networking

IPv6 Anycast Address As the name says it’s an address that can exist more than once anywhere in the network. It is maybe better to say that it can exist in multiple places all over the Internet. This kind of address is basically enabling us to have servers and services physically closer to us as […]

IPv6 Anycast Address type

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Microloop!

Don’t look now, but you have microloops. How do I know? Because virtually every network with rings larger than three hops, running a link state protocol, will develop a microloop during normal convergence. Okay, so what’s a microloop, and how dangerous is it? Let’s figure this out looking at the (now rather standard) five router […]

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Packet Design Named Top Customer Experience by SAP

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The Journey Starts 2014 – CCIE Security – Blog Post1

Well it is time to buckle down and make it happen in 2014. The goal is to become a dual CCIE by the end of 2014. I have previously passed the CCIE Sec written in version 3 but I did not have the time to actually sit for the lab and I also wanted to refresh to the latest version of the track. That said I am taking a small step back to refresh and reinforce the theory. The plan is to go through the NP Security track while labbing but also taking the respective NP exam followed by the written and then ultimately sit for the lab.

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Physical switch hybrid OpenFlow example

Alcatel-Lucent OmniSwitch analytics driven control provided an example with a physical switch, using the Web Services API to send CLI controls to the switch as HTTP requests, the following screen shot shows the results:

Figure 1: Controller using HTTP / REST API

Integrated hybrid OpenFlow describes how the combination of normal forwarding combined with OpenFlow for control of large flows provides a scaleable and practical solution for traffic engineering. The article used the Mininet testbed to develop a DDoS mitigation controller consisting of the sFlow-RT real-time analytics engine to detect large flows and the Floodlight OpenFlow controller to push control rules to the software virtual switch in the testbed.

Figure 2: Performance aware software defined networking

The OmniSwitch supports hybrid mode OpenFlow and this article will evaluate the performance of a physical switch hybrid OpenFlow solution using the OmniSwitch. The following results were obtained when repeating the DDoS attack test using Floodlight and OpenFlow as the control mechanism:

Figure 3: OmniSwitch controller using hybrid OpenFlow

Figure 3 shows that implementing traffic controls using OpenFlow is considerably faster than those obtained using the HTTP API shown in Figure 1, cutting the time to implement controls from seconds to milliseconds.

Figure Continue reading

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DEW: MPLS/Tunneling Design in Dubai!

Update: I received lots of request to reduce the fee. After considering it, I decided to create "DEW - No Frills". The fee is now 30% lower but please don't expect fancy hotel meeting room, no lunch included, no coffee break, no print out, no notebook or other gift to attendees. It will be only geeks in a room discussing network design.

After the first Design Expert Weekend in Riyadh focusing on IPv4/IPv6 Routing Design, the second DEW will be held in Dubai, UAE, for MPLS/Tunneling Design.


What:
Design Expert Weekend in Dubai on 24-25 January will focus on MPLS/Tunneling Design. Agenda will cover:

- MPLS Refresh
- MPLS L3VPN Design
- MPLS L2VPN Design
- MPLS VPN Inter-AS
- MPLS Traffic Engineering
- MPLS VPN Resiliency
- IPv6 over MPLS
- Other non-MPLS Tunneling: GRE, L2TPv3, IPSec, DMVPN, IPv6 Tunneling
- CCDE exam tips and tricks
- CCDE sample questions and scenario to practice ability to analyze design requirements, develop network designs, implement network design, validate and optimize network design

The other two DEW are held in separate session:
DEW:Routing Design (IGP IPv4/IPv6, BGP, scaling, inter-AS, HA, and include PIM, ASM, SSM Multicast)
DEW:SP Design (Physical, L2, IGP/BGP/MPLS/PIM Continue reading

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New Opportunity at Red Hat

Exciting times are upon us. I have humbly accepted a job at Red Hat on the Open Daylight dev team working with some incredible people at Red Hat and just as special folks in the community. I just wanted to pop up a brief post letting my friends in the community know where I am heading. I will miss my ...

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Alcatel-Lucent OmniSwitch analytics driven control

There are a many articles on this blog that demonstrate how real-time sFlow analytics driven control of switches using a Mininet testbed. This article is the first of a series that will shift the focus to physical switches and demonstrate different techniques for adapting network behavior to changing traffic.

Performance Aware SDN describes the theory behind analytics driven orchestration. The talk describes how fast controller response, programmatic configuration interfaces and consistent instrumentation of all the elements being orchestrated are pre-requisites for feedback control.

This article uses an Alcatel-Lucent OmniSwitch 6900 as an example. The switch has hardware sFlow support for line rate visibility on all ports, and support for OpenFlow and a RESTful configuration API to deploy control actions. In this example a basic DDoS mitigation filtering function will be triggered when large flood attacks are detected. The script is based on the version described in the article Integrated hybrid OpenFlow, but modified to use the OmniSwitch RESTful API.
RESTful control of switches describes how RESTFul configuration access to switches can be used to develop simple, controller-less SDN solutions. In this example the controller application is implemented using JavaScript that runs within the sFlow-RT analytics engine. The script has Continue reading

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The Illusion of Lock-In Avoidance

Over the past few months I’ve heard a lot about vendor lock-in, specifically with respect to new SDN/Network Virtualization products that have come out last year. It appears that no matter what product you look at, there’s some major factor that will cause you to be severely locked in to that vendor until the end of time. Unless, of course, you’re a proponent of that vendor, in which case, that vendor is NOT locking you in, but that other guy totally is.

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The Illusion of Lock-In Avoidance

Over the past few months I’ve heard a lot about vendor lock-in, specifically with respect to new SDN/Network Virtualization products that have come out last year. It appears that no matter what product you look at, there’s some major factor that will cause you to be severely locked in to that vendor until the end of time. Unless, of course, you’re a proponent of that vendor, in which case, that vendor is NOT locking you in, but that other guy totally is.

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Secret CEF Attributes, Part 1

Welcome to the first in a series of articles that will explore some of the interesting properties we can insert into CEF, Cisco’s implementation of the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) in Layer-3 rotuers. CEF represents the high-speed forwarding architecture in the Cisco platforms. If we can insert data into the CEF memory structure we can […]

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The post Secret CEF Attributes, Part 1 appeared first on Packet Pushers Podcast and was written by Dan Massameno.