Comware: Configuring QinQ
The QinQ feature (802.1q over 802.1q), also known as Stacked VLAN or VLAN over VLAN, supports the utilization of two 802.1q tags on the same frame Ethernet for VLAN over VLAN traffic – without altering the original TAG.
For the customer perspective it is like the Service Provider has extended the cable or fiber between 2 points. From the Service Provider perspective, it doesn’t matter if the customer is sending a frame ethernet with or without TAG 802.1q, because it will add one more TAG to the header and remove on edge device just the last insert tag.
In a nutshell, the inbound interface configured with QinQ, will add a 802.1q TAG to the frame, even in case if the VLANs were tagged, however on the outbound port, only the last TAG added is removed, keeping the TAG 802.q inserted by the client.
Configuring
With the example above, we shall configure both Switches A and B with one VLAN for each client and configure the customer-connected-interfaces, such as “qinq enable”. As a detail, notice that is important to disable the STP on each interface for the BPDU issues, so the BPDUs will not interfere Continue reading
MTU Considerations for VXLAN
When using overlays, its important to remember (in most cases) that an entire Ethernet frame is being encapsulated in something else (usually Ethernet + IP + UDP + Overlay Header). This means that the Maximum Transmission Unit for the underlay must be adjusted. There are a number of posts out there about correct MTU settings for VXLAN. Unfortunately, many of them are either wrong, or unclear as to the math behind these calculations.MTU Considerations for VXLAN
When using overlays, its important to remember (in most cases) that an entire Ethernet frame is being encapsulated in something else (usually Ethernet + IP + UDP + Overlay Header). This means that the Maximum Transmission Unit for the underlay must be adjusted. There are a number of posts out there about correct MTU settings for VXLAN. Unfortunately, many of them are either wrong, or unclear as to the math behind these calculations.Protocol Basics – The Network Time Protocol
These days we have become used to a world that operates on a consistent time standard, and we have become used to our computers operating at sub-second accuracy. But how do they do so? In this article I will look at how a consistent time standard is spread across the Internet, and examine the operation of the Network Time Protocol (NTP).NTP for Evil
There was a story that was distributed around the newswire services at the start of February this year, reporting that we had just encountered the “biggest DDOS attack ever” from a NTP-based attack. What’s going on? Why are these supposedly innocuous, and conventionally all but invisible services suddenly turning into venomous daemons? How has the DNS and NTP been turned against us in such a manner? And why have these attacks managed to overwhelm our conventional cyber defences?The Ideal Cloud Network: SDN Overlays, Underlays or Both?
Enterprises are still a complex mix of legacy and newer cloud applications, yet smart use of universal SDN-based cloud networks is the great equalizer in bringing enterprises and the new applications of the cloud together. Evolutionary migration strategies from a mainframe to a client-server architecture can also be applied to the next phase of cloud and virtual age networking. To appreciate how they apply, one must better understand the diverse definitions of SDN, and its true applicability in next generation networks. Let’s review some of the terminology often used and confused in our industry.
Overlay SDN: The most visibly promoted controller for SDN overlays today is VMware’s NSX (Microsoft System Center, Juniper Contrail and Nuage Networks may also fall into this category). Some networking features and functions are moved into overlays to control the data, flow or forwarding path. This includes:
1. Software overlays to shift management functions from the control plane of the network to servers
2. Specific use-cases such as server virtualization, L4-L7 load balancing, security, Openflow etc.
Functional controllers leverage existing physical networks and apply features and functions such as provisioning that can be used via abstraction, APIs, a CLI and limited scripting.
Underlay SDN: Controllers do Continue reading
Demo: Common Programmable Abstraction Layer
Over the past few weeks, I’ve written about the idea behind a common programmable abstraction layer. Previous articles are here and here. It’s worth stating that something like a CPAL can be used with or without SDN controllers and with or without cloud management platforms. As can be seen from the previous write ups and the video/demo below, today its primary focus is data extraction and data visibility. It can use device APIs or controller APIs. It’s about accessing the data you need quicker. It’s that simple. No more jumping from device to device and having to manage text and excel files.
Edit 3/15/2014:
Github repo for CPAL
If there is a controller in the environment, you can still view data around particular physical and virtual switches in the environments by creating the right modules. Same can be said if there was a CMP/CMS deployed. While a CPAL can easily make changes to the network, it’s about taking small steps that can have a larger impact on how we use new APIs on network devices and controllers. And if we don’t strive for a common framework now, we will end Continue reading
Edit 3/15/2014:
Github repo for CPAL
If there is a controller in the environment, you can still view data around particular physical and virtual switches in the environments by creating the right modules. Same can be said if there was a CMP/CMS deployed. While a CPAL can easily make changes to the network, it’s about taking small steps that can have a larger impact on how we use new APIs on network devices and controllers. And if we don’t strive for a common framework now, we will end Continue reading
SDN Management Challenges of Wireless Carriers
SDN Management Challenges of Wireless Carriers
by Steve Harriman, VP of Marketing - March 10, 2014
Our CTO Cengiz Alaettinoglu recently published an article in RCR Wireless’ Reality Check column titled “Stumbling Block: SDN Management Challenges.” He discusses three SDN applications that are particularly valuable for wireless carriers: bandwidth calendaring, demand placement, and rapid provisioning. In fact, Cengiz says that rapid provisioning “…is indeed surfacing as the killer SDN application for carriers beyond the data center.”
However, these applications cannot be used successfully in SDN environments until the industry solves numerous management challenges. Traditional, manual management methods and processes cannot keep up in a programmable, automated network environment. As a result, the human operator loses visibility and control, making it difficult to understand how to plan for the rollout of new applications and services. Lack of oversight creates a sort of wild west environment without anyone or anything governing whether or not these programmatic changes should be made.
Cengiz is currently working on a prototype of a Network Access Broker that will verify if the WAN can handle the traffic demands of SDN applications without impacting other applications adversely. You can read more about what he says Continue reading
Show 182 – The Future of Networking Part 1 As Inspired By #NFD7
At Networking Field Day 7, the delegates were treated to vendor demonstrations that challenged our thinking about the future of networking. Perhaps the industry is not agreed on just how we’ll implement and operate our networks in the coming years, but one thing is for certain. The landscape will be different. In this and the […]
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The post Show 182 – The Future of Networking Part 1 As Inspired By #NFD7 appeared first on Packet Pushers Podcast and was written by Ethan Banks.
NAT saves the day!
Introduction NAT is bad, it breaks end to end connectivity. It’s misused as a security tool. Using NAT kills kittens. Yes yes, we all know that. That doesn’t mean that there aren’t valid use cases for NAT and when NAT can save the day. What was the problem? Imagine that you have a device that […]
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The post NAT saves the day! appeared first on Packet Pushers Podcast and was written by ddib.
Blogs of Interests 2014-03-14
Working from home? Thinking about VXLAN for your Datacenter? Or how about a DMVPN as WAN technology? Read on...[[ Summary content only, you can read everything now, just visit the site for full story ]]
Network Syntax Highlighting in Sublime Text
Here’s something I modified from the original version HERE. If you use Sublime Text 2/3 and work on Cisco equipment, you may find this cool. Follow the install directions bellow. Enjoy! This...[[ Summary content only, you can read everything now, just visit the site for full story ]]
Coffee Break – Show 4
[player] This week Andrew & Greg are joined Howard Marks whose abundance of commentary leads to a surfeit of opinions on the lack of anything happening at Mobile World Congress. Show Notes MWC – Wearable computing on the rise? Netflix and Comcast: Is this the first Network Neutrality domino to fall? Frontier customer complaints drop... Read more »Coffee Break – Show 4
[player] This week Andrew & Greg are joined Howard Marks whose abundance of commentary leads to a surfeit of opinions on the lack of anything happening at Mobile World Congress. Show Notes MWC – Wearable computing on the rise? Netflix and Comcast: Is this the first Network Neutrality domino to fall? Frontier customer complaints drop […]
The post Coffee Break – Show 4 appeared first on Packet Pushers.
Coffee Break – Show 4
This week Andrew & Greg are joined Howard Marks whose abundance of commentary leads to a surfeit of opinions on the lack of anything happening at Mobile World Congress. Show Notes MWC – Wearable computing on the rise? Netflix and Comcast: Is this the first Network Neutrality domino to fall? Frontier customer complaints drop nearly […]
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The post Coffee Break – Show 4 appeared first on Packet Pushers Podcast and was written by Greg Ferro.
Network Syntax Highlighting in Sublime Text
Never look at Cisco configs the same way again, try syntax highlighting just as if you were writing C++ or Python or any other programming language...[[ Summary content only, you can read everything now, just visit the site for full story ]]
Network Syntax Highlighting in Sublime Text
Sublime Text 2/3 Syntax Definition for Cisco / Junos router/switch/firewall configurations. This package will highlight Cisco configuration and commands within Sublime Text 2/3. This package contains...[[ Summary content only, you can read everything now, just visit the site for full story ]]
INTER-AS VPNs and Carrier Supporting Carrier (CSC) Part-2
In the first article of this series I mentioned from Inter AS VPN Option A only. This article will be about Option B , C and Carrier Supporting Carrier VPNs. I assume from the readers basic knowledge of these VPNs.Only design points will be highlighted here since my intended audiences are the network designers and […]
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The post INTER-AS VPNs and Carrier Supporting Carrier (CSC) Part-2 appeared first on Packet Pushers Podcast and was written by Orhan Ergun.