GNS3 on Fedora Linux

Here are mu notes about installation GNS3 version on Fedora Linux. It shows the basic steps required to successfully install and configure GNS3 for VirtualBox, Qemu, IOU, and Dynamips support. Configuration of individual VirtualBox, Qemu, IOU and IOS images is not discussed.

1. GNS3 GUI and Server Installation and Configuration

1.1 Install Dependencies

$ sudo yum install python3 python3-setuptools.noarch python3-PyQt4 python3-devel gcc

1.2 Download and Extract GNS3 GUI and Server

$ git clone https://github.com/GNS3/gns3-gui.git
$ git clone https://github.com/GNS3/gns3-server.git

$ cd gns3-gui/
$ sudo python3 setup.py install
$ cd ..

$ cd gns3-server/
$ sudo python3 setup.py install

1.3 Configure GNS3 Server Settings

Navigate to Edit-> Preferences-> GNS3 server-> Local server and change path to gns3server.

2. IOU Installation and Configuration

IOU stands for IOS on Unix. IOU images are IOS images that are compiled for x86 / Sparc CPU architecture.

2.1 Install Dependencies

$ sudo yum install gcc gcc-c++ git

2.2 Create Symbolic Link and Prevent IOU to Call Home

$ cd /usr/lib
$ sudo ln -s ./libcrypto.so.10 libcrypto.so.4
$ su -c "echo '127.0.0.127 xml.cisco.com' >> /etc/hosts"

2. Continue reading

Network device configuration using templates with Jinja2 and YAML

This blog is part of my series on Devops for Networking. Typically, Network device configurations for CLI based systems are stored as text files and when its necessary to change parameters like gateway address, vlan, ntp server etc, the script is manually edited and then reapplied to the device. This process is manual and prone … Continue reading Network device configuration using templates with Jinja2 and YAML →

One More Thing: Keyless SSL and CloudFlare’s Growing Network

One more thing...

I wanted to write one more thing about Keyless SSL, our announcement from last week, before attention shifts to what we'll be announcing on Monday. Keyless allows us to provide CloudFlare's service without having private SSL keys stored locally on our edge servers. The news last week focused on how this could allow very large customers, like major financial institutions, to use CloudFlare without trusting us with their private keys.

But there's another use that will benefit the entire CloudFlare userbase, not just our largest enterprise customers, and it's this: Keyless SSL is a key part of our strategy to continue to expand CloudFlare's global network.

CloudFlare's Global Network Today

CloudFlare's network today consists of 28 edge data centers that span much of the globe. We have technical and security requirements for these facilities in order to ensure that the equipment they house remains secure. Generally, we're in Tier III or IV data center facilities with the highest level of security. In our San Jose facility, for instance, you have to pass through 5 biometric scans, in addition to multiple 24x7 manned guard check points, before you can get to the electronically locked cabinets housing our servers.

There Continue reading

The shockingly obsolete code of bash

One of the problems with bash is that it's simply obsolete code. We have modern objective standards about code quality, and bash doesn't meet those standards. In this post, I'm going to review the code, starting with the function that is at the heart of the #shellshock bug, initialize_shell_variables().

K&R function headers


The code uses the K&R function headers which have been obsolete since the mid-1980s.


I don't think it's there to support older compilers, because other parts of the code use modern headers. I think it's there simply because they are paranoid about making unnecessary changes to the code. The effect of this is that it messes up static analysis, both simple compiler warnings as well as advanced security analysis tools.

It's also a stylistic issue. There's only one rule to coding style, which is "avoid surprising things", and this is surprising.

Ultimately, this isn't much of an issue, but a symptom that there is something seriously wrong with this code.

Global variables everywhere


Global variables are bad. Your program should have a maximum of five, for such things as the global debug or logging flag. Bash has hundred(s) of global variables.


Also note that a large number of Continue reading

Wi-Fi SNR to MCS Data Rate Mapping Reference

I previously posted a picture of an SNR to MCS data rate mapping table that I have compiled based on various sources of credible research. Keith Parsons has kindly put this information into a printable format for reference. You can download them below.

It should be noted that individual devices perform differently. These tables are simply generic estimates that are a good approximation for many Wi-Fi devices. In other words, it's not perfect.

Click to Download Full Version (PDF)

This table maps client SNR values to MCS indexes for the purpose of determining the data rates that clients can achieve based on the signal quality of their connection to the AP.

SNR is also related to RSSI. Two RSSI values are of importance: the Minimum Receiver Sensitivity and the Expected Receiver Sensitivity. The 802.11 minimum receiver sensitivity tables often referenced in research and testing material are the required minimum RSSI values that a radio should be able to decode a given modulation type and encoding rate (MCS index) with a packet error rate (PER) less than 10%. Most 802.11 radios provide better receiver sensitivity than the minimum requirement. Therefore, the "Expected Receiver Sensitivity" reflects the typical receive sensitivity Continue reading

Celebrating CloudFlare’s 4th Birthday

Save the web / CloudFlare

Since CloudFlare launched to the public four years ago today, we've always considered September 27th our birthday. We like to celebrate by doing something nice for our team and also for our customers. Two years ago, for example, we brought a cake into the office and then enabled free IPv6 support for all our customers.

Saturday is our birthday this year, so we decided to celebrate it a few days later when we'd all be back in the office on Monday, September 29th. That actually corresponds to the day we presented at the finals of the TechCrunch Disrupt startup contest where we launched. We ended up coming in second. Mike Arrington, the founder of TechCrunch, said we were basically "muffler repair for the Internet."

Looking back, that's actually not a bad description. At core, CloudFlare's mission is to help build a better Internet by fixing its biggest problems -- its metaphorical rusty mufflers. This year, we thought it would be great to repair a big, ugly muffler that should have been fixed a long time ago.

This Monday, we'll bring a cake into the office. (It'll have to be a lot bigger as our team has grown substantially.) Continue reading

Knowing Your Audience…and Showing It

We all know that you’re supposed to “Know Your Audience.” Doing so improves engagement, and avoids faux pas like “Suggested Tweets.” But recently I realised that this doesn’t have to be subtle. Drop hints early on in your presentation that you’ve taken the time to understand the audience – it can really lift the mood.

Suggested Tweets – Just Say No

Companies that obsess about the wrong kind of metrics think that all they need is to get their message repeated many times. So they give employees & partners a list of “suggested tweets.” These are pre-written Tweets that people can send out from their own Twitter accounts, to “generate buzz.” I have seen many companies do this, and it is overwhelmingly lame. It devalues the message, and devalues those who send out these “suggested tweets.”

In the lead-up to the recent Cisco UCS event, many members of the Cisco Champions program sent out the same set of tweets. When I see the same tweet from several people in my stream, it’s obvious what’s going on. If you’re running a marketing Twitter account, then yeah, I expect marketing messages. But if you’re a real person, and I’ve Continue reading

Classic IOS as a DNS Server

There is an occasional need for a DNS server in the absence of a dedicated host. This may occur in the following situations–

  • Using PAT, Public DNS may return a non-RFC1918 address for internal server
  • Lab/Demo Environment
  • Other Name Resolution challenges in SOHO, SMB or Branch Office

When these corner-case challenges present, an IOS router may be beneficial by providing basic DNS functions. Assuming the router already has Internet connectivity, the configuration is straightforward–

//enable the dns server functionality
IOS-DNS(config)#ip dns server 

//if public requests should be resolved, configure one or more name
//servers as resolvers and confirm domain-lookups are enabled
IOS-DNS(config)#ip name-server 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
IOS-DNS(config)#ip domain-lookup

At this point the router should perform DNS resolution by relaying requests to the public name servers in the configuration. Hosts could use any IP address on the device in their DNS configuration. ACLs should be used to block DNS requests to interfaces that aren’t servicing clients.

To create DNS records for local resolution, the ip host command can be used.

IOS-DNS(config)#ip host ?
  WORD  Name of host
  view  Specify view
  vrf   Specify VRF

IOS-DNS(config)#ip host www.example.com ?
     Default telnet port number
  A.B.C.D     Host IP address
  additional  Append addresses
  mx          Configure a  Continue reading

Do shellshock scans violate CFAA?

In order to measure the danger of the bash shellshock vulnerability, I scanned the Internet for it. Many are debating whether this violates the CFAA, the anti-hacking law.

The answer is that everything technically violates that law. The CFAA is vaguely written allowing discriminatory prosecution by the powerful, such as when AT&T prosecuted 'weev' for downloading iPad account information that they had made public on their website. Such laws need to be challenged, but sadly, those doing the challenging tend to be the evil sort, like child molesters, terrorists, and Internet trolls like weev. A better way to challenge the law is with a more sympathetic character. Being a good guy defending websites still doesn't justify unauthorized access (if indeed it's unauthorized), but it'll give credence to the argument that the law is unconstitutionally vague because I'm obviously not trying to "get away with something".


Law is like code. The code says (paraphrased):
intentionally accesses the computer without authorization thereby obtaining information
There are two vague items here, "intentionally" and "authorization". (The "access" and "information" are also vague, but we'll leave that for later).


The problem with the law is that it was written in the 1980s before the web Continue reading

Change HTTP reply content with AppShape++

Lab goal

When a clients asks for beta/a2.html, return "Hello" instead.

Use VIP 10.136.85.14

Setup


The loadbalancer is Radware's Alteon VA version 29.5.1.0

The initial Alteon VA configuration can be found here.

Notice the group and hosts are preconfigured:

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/c/slb/real 1
        ena
        ipver v4
        rip 10.136.85.1
/c/slb/real 2
        ena
        ipver v4
        rip 10.136.85.2
/c/slb/real 3
        ena
        ipver v4
        rip 10.136.85.3
/c/slb/group 10
        ipver v4
        add 1
        add 2
        add 3

Alteon configuration

First, lets configure the VIP/virt.

Remember routing! The returning traffic needs to go through the Alteon, otherwise TCP will break. So we also need to configure Proxy IP/SNAT so return traffic will go through the Alteon.


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 /c/slb/virt 85_14
        ena
        vip 10.136.85.14
 /c/slb/virt 85_14/service 80 http
        group 10
 /c/slb/virt 85_14/service 80 http/pip
        mode address
        addr v4 10.136.85.200

Next we need to write the Appshape++ script:

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 Continue reading

Plexxi Pulse—Preparing for Big Data

Plexxi Pulse—Preparing for Big Data

As enterprises launch Big Data platforms, it is necessary to tailor network infrastructure to support increased activity. Big Data networks must be constructed to handle distributed resources that are simultaneously working on a single task—a functionality that can be taxing on existing infrastructure. Our own Mike Bushong contributed an article to TechRadar Pro this week on this very subject where he outlines the necessary steps to prepare networks for Big Data deployments. He also identifies how software-defined networking can be used as a tool to alleviate bandwidth issues and support application requirements when scaling for Big Data. It’s definitely worth a read before you head out for the weekend.

In this week’s PlexxiTube of the week, Dan Backman explains how Plexxi’s Big Data fabric mitigates incast problems.

Check out what we’ve been up to on social media this September. Enjoy!

The post Plexxi Pulse—Preparing for Big Data appeared first on Plexxi.

Safe from Shellshock: How to protect your home computer from the Bash shell bug

On the surface, the critical “Shellshock” bug revealed this week sounds devastating. By exploiting a bug in the Bash shell command line tool found in Unix-based systems, attackers can run code on your system—essentially giving them access to your system. Bad guys are already developing exploits that use Shellshock to crack your passwords and install DDoS bots on computers. And since Bash shell is borderline ubiquitous, a vast swath of devices are vulnerable to Shellshock: Macs, Linux systems, routers, web servers, “Internet of Things” gizmos, you name it.To read this article in full or to leave a comment, please click here

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