Installing Cisco ISE Evaluation VM for Labbing

This post describes how to install a Cisco ISE evaluation VM for labbing. The VM will run for 90 days, providing a full feature set for up to 100 endpoints.

Start by downloading the software. I’ll be using an OVA as I’m going to run my VM on ESX:

Deploy the OVA and select Eval version:

Power on the VM. When the VM boots, the following prompt is shown:

Type setup and press enter:

You will have to configure the hostname, IP address, name server, and so on:

Press 'Ctrl-C' to abort setup
Enter hostname[]: ise01
Enter IP address []: 192.168.128.102
Enter IP netmask []: 255.255.255.0
Enter IP default gateway []: 192.168.128.1
Do you want to configure IPv6 address? Y/N [N]: N
Enter default DNS domain []: iselab.local
Enter primary nameserver []: 192.168.128.100
Add secondary nameserver? Y/N [N]: N
Enter NTP server[time.nist.gov]: ntp.netnod.se
Add another NTP server? Y/N [N]: N
Enter system timezone[UTC]: CET
Enable SSH service? Y/N [N]: Y
Enter username [admin]: admin
Enter password:
Enter password again:
Bringing up the network interface...

The installation will take some time…

When the installation Continue reading

netlab: How do I Specify VLAN Interface Parameters

Similarly to how it handles VRFs, netlab automatically creates VLANs on a lab device if the device uses them on any access- or trunk link or if the VLAN is mentioned in the node vlans dictionary.

If the VLAN is an IRB VLAN (which can be modified globally or per node with the VLAN mode parameter), netlab also creates the VLAN (or SVI, or BVI) interface. But how do you specify the parameters of the VLAN interface?

Read more …

Juniper Release Process 2024 Redux

I’ve written before about choosing a Juniper version. Juniper has a new release process. Well, two actually - the new official process, and what they’re actually doing…

First the good bits. Juniper started a new release process in 2023. Key points:

  • Numbering format remains the same - “<year>.<quarter>.R<release number>-S<service release>”
  • New feature releases are only twice a year, in June & December - “YY.2” and “YY.4”. Not quarterly.
  • No more “R3” maintenance releases - just the initial R1 release, then a later R2 release.
  • Service Releases “-Sx” continue.

I like the new process. It simplifies the versions they have to maintain. We used to say that you should wait for the R3 release, but really there’s no difference between R3 and R2-S3. Now Juniper doesn’t have to maintain the quarterly releases, and all the maintenance and service releases below them. It avoids the confusion that happened when they kept patching -R2, even after releasing R3.

But here’s the thing with a simplified release process: you’ve got no excuses for not delivering. I have no issue with 6-monthly feature releases. But it feels like they’re doing annual releases these days.

Look at the current download page for Continue reading

Go as another automation language 000. The Beginning.

Dear friend,

It’s been a while since I’ve blogged for the last time. Probably it was too long since I’ve blogged. But, here I am back, with some new ideas and fresh perspectives. One of the key new idea is usage of Go, which I’m actively picking up now. And just shortly I will tell you why.

Do You Still Use Python?

We absolutely do. In fact, we not only using it, but also teaching it from the perspective of network automation. In our flagship training Zero-to-Hero Network Automation Training we guide you the whole way from having little to no theoretical knowledge and practical skills to a good level of developing automation software with Python. Python is at heart of many purpose-built network (and not only) automation systems, such as NetBox, StackStorm and many others. It’s ecosystem is vast and there are no signs of it slowing down. Therefore, getting good exposure to Python from Network Automation perspective is a good step to increase your own value and secure your job place looking forward. To be brutally honest, any network engineering role nowadays requires Python and/or Ansible knowledge, so don’t pass by.

Here is what we have to offer Continue reading

TrueNAS, a Linux Distro for Low Cost Network-Attached Storage

Network Attached Storage (NAS) is a great way to build out storage for your business. Instead of relying solely on external drives, shared directories or expensive cloud storage, why not deploy a tool that was created specifically for scalable storage? That’s where TrueNAS comes into play. TrueNAS is a take on Linux that is purpose-built for storage and comes with all the NAS capabilities you can imagine. TrueNAS can be installed on off-the-shelf hardware (even small form-factor PCs or virtual machines), so your storage server can be tucked out of the way. This storage solution includes features like: User/group management Alerts SSH connectivity 2-Factor authentication Storage pools Snapshots Disks (and disk importing) Support for directory services such as Active Directory, LDAP, NIS, and Kerberos Sharing via Apple Shares, Block Shares, UNIX Shares, WebDAV, and SMB Service management Plugins Jails Virtual Machines Shell access The installation of TrueNAS is all text-based but is incredibly simple to take care of and takes very little time. With minimal configuration work for the installation, I had an instance of TrueNAS up and running within about 2 minutes. The only thing you need to do is set a root password during the installation, which is Continue reading

Running Cisco IOL Devices in Containerlab

Running Cisco IOL Devices in Containerlab

Containerlab v0.58.0 supports running Cisco IOL images, which is something I was very much looking forward to. IOL nodes are an implementation of Cisco IOS-XE that does not run as a full virtual machine. Therefore, the IOL nodes generally consume much less CPU and memory.

Containerlab already has great documentation on how to use Cisco IOL devices, but I'll cover it here as well for any of my readers who are interested. You can check out the official documentation for more info.

💡
Please note that IOL images are the property of Cisco, and redistribution is not permitted. This guide is intended for educational purposes only.

If you have Cisco CML (you may need version 2.7 or later), it should include the IOL images. You'll need to use vrnetlab to convert the binary file into a Docker container, which can then be used within Containerlab like any other container/image.

First, I have downloaded these two Cisco IOL files to the Downloads folder. One for L3 and another one for L2.

  • x86_64_crb_linux-adventerprisek9-ms
  • x86_64_crb_linux_l2-adventerprisek9-ms.bin

Next, clone the hellt/vrnetlab repository to your local machine. 

git clone https://github.com/hellt/vrnetlab.git

Then, copy these two images into the vrnetlab/cisco/iol directory Continue reading

Cerebras Trains Llama Models To Leap Over GPUs

It was only a few months ago when waferscale compute pioneer Cerebras Systems was bragging that a handful of its WSE-3 engines lashed together could run circles around Nvidia GPU instances based on Nvidia’s “Hopper” H100 GPUs when running the open source Llama 3.1 foundation model created by Meta Platforms. …

Cerebras Trains Llama Models To Leap Over GPUs was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

AI Should Be Concise

One of the things that I’ve noticed about the rise of AI is that everything feels so wordy now. I’m sure it’s a byproduct of the popularity of ChatGPT and other LLMs that are designed for language. You’ve likely seen it too on websites that have paragraphs of text that feel unnecessary. Maybe you’re looking for an answer to a specific question. You could be trying to find a recipe or even a code block for a problem. What you find is a wall of text that feels pieced together by someone that doesn’t know how to write.

The Soul of Wit

I feel like the biggest issue with those overly word-filled answers comes down to the way that people feel about unnecessary exposition. AI is built to write things on a topic and fill out word count. Much like a student trying to pad out the page length for a required report, AI doesn’t know when to shut up. It specifically adds words that aren’t really required. I realize that there are modes of AI content creation that value being concise but those are the default.

I use AI quite a bit to summarize long articles, many of which Continue reading

Elephants in tunnels: how Hyperdrive connects to databases inside your VPC networks

With September’s announcement of Hyperdrive’s ability to send database traffic from Workers over Cloudflare Tunnels, we wanted to dive into the details of what it took to make this happen.

Hyper-who?

Accessing your data from anywhere in Region Earth can be hard. Traditional databases are powerful, familiar, and feature-rich, but your users can be thousands of miles away from your database. This can cause slower connection startup times, slower queries, and connection exhaustion as everything takes longer to accomplish.

Cloudflare Workers is an incredibly lightweight runtime, which enables our customers to deploy their applications globally by default and renders the cold start problem almost irrelevant. The trade-off for these light, ephemeral execution contexts is the lack of persistence for things like database connections. Database connections are also notoriously expensive to spin up, with many round trips required between client and server before any query or result bytes can be exchanged.

Hyperdrive is designed to make the centralized databases you already have feel like they’re global while keeping connections to those databases hot. We use our global network to get faster routes to your database, keep connection pools primed, and cache your most frequently run queries as close to users Continue reading

IBM’s Red Hat Acquisition Will Pay For Itself By Early Next Year

Big Blue has reported its financial results for the third quarter of 2024, and the thing that stands out most is not the System z16 mainframes and Power10 midrange and big iron are getting a little long in the tooth ahead of new product cycles expected to start in 2025. …

IBM’s Red Hat Acquisition Will Pay For Itself By Early Next Year was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

TL006: From Blame to Empowerment: Changing Team Culture in Tech

Leadership has a huge impact on an organization’s culture, including tech teams. On the positive side, leaders can foster healthy, productive environments. On the negative side, they can build hostile, blame-centric viper pits. Today’s episode of Technically Leadership examines how to strive for the positive by shielding teams from internal politics, developing empathetic leadership, distinguishing... Read more »

Build durable applications on Cloudflare Workers: you write the Workflows, we take care of the rest

Workflows, Cloudflare’s durable execution engine that allows you to build reliable, repeatable multi-step applications that scale for you, is now in open beta. Any developer with a free or paid Workers plan can build and deploy a Workflow right now: no waitlist, no sign-up form, no fake line around-the-block.

If you learn by doing, you can create your first Workflow via a single command (or visit the docs for the full guide):

npm create cloudflare@latest workflows-starter -- \
  --template "cloudflare/workflows-starter"

Open the src/index.ts file, poke around, start extending it, and deploy it with a quick wrangler deploy.

If you want to learn more about how Workflows works, how you can use it to build applications, and how we built it, read on.

Workflows? Durable Execution?

Workflows—which we announced back during Developer Week earlier this year—is our take on the concept of “Durable Execution”: the ability to build and execute applications that are durable in the face of errors, network issues, upstream API outages, rate limits, and (most importantly) infrastructure failure.

As over 2.4 million developers continue to build applications on top of Cloudflare Workers, R2, and Workers AI, we’ve noticed more developers building multi-step applications and workflows Continue reading

Billions and billions (of logs): scaling AI Gateway with the Cloudflare Developer Platform

With the rapid advancements occurring in the AI space, developers face significant challenges in keeping up with the ever-changing landscape. New models and providers are continuously emerging, and understandably, developers want to experiment and test these options to find the best fit for their use cases. This creates the need for a streamlined approach to managing multiple models and providers, as well as a centralized platform to efficiently monitor usage, implement controls, and gather data for optimization.

AI Gateway is specifically designed to address these pain points. Since its launch in September 2023, AI Gateway has empowered developers and organizations by successfully proxying over 2 billion requests in just one year, as we highlighted during September’s Birthday Week. With AI Gateway, developers can easily store, analyze, and optimize their AI inference requests and responses in real time.

With our initial architecture, AI Gateway faced a significant challenge: the logs, those critical trails of data interactions between applications and AI models, could only be retained for 30 minutes. This limitation was not just a minor inconvenience; it posed a substantial barrier for developers and businesses needing to analyze long-term patterns, ensure compliance, or simply debug over more extended periods.

In Continue reading

Durable Objects aren’t just durable, they’re fast: a 10x speedup for Cloudflare Queues

Cloudflare Queues let a developer decouple their Workers into event-driven services. Producer Workers write events to a Queue, and consumer Workers are invoked to take actions on the events. For example, you can use a Queue to decouple an e-commerce website from a service which sends purchase confirmation emails to users. During 2024’s Birthday Week, we announced that Cloudflare Queues is now Generally Available, with significant performance improvements that enable larger workloads. To accomplish this, we switched to a new architecture for Queues that enabled the following improvements:

  • Median latency for sending messages has dropped from ~200ms to ~60ms

  • Maximum throughput for each Queue has increased over 10x, from 400 to 5000 messages per second

  • Maximum Consumer concurrency for each Queue has increased from 20 to 250 concurrent invocations

Median latency drops from ~200ms to ~60ms as Queues are migrated to the new architecture

In this blog post, we'll share details about how we built Queues using Durable Objects and the Cloudflare Developer Platform, and how we migrated from an initial Beta architecture to a geographically-distributed, horizontally-scalable architecture for General Availability.

v1 Beta architecture

When initially designing Cloudflare Queues, we decided to build something simple that we could get Continue reading

How Does Netlab Deal with Server Reboots?

Now and then, someone asks how netlab deals with reboots (or power failures or crashes) of the server it’s running on.

TL&DR: It doesn’t. However…

netlab is a CLI command that acts as an umbrella orchestration layer for Vagrant and Containerlab. It does not run as a cron job, init script, or service and thus cannot be invoked when a server is booted.

Read more …
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