The Texas Advanced Computing Center at the University of Austin is the flagship datacenter for supercomputing for the US National Science Foundation, and so what TACC does – and doesn’t do – is a kind of bellwether for academic supercomputing. …
Cloud security and responsible disclosure are the focus of today’s conversation with guest Kat Traxler. Kat shares her insights on identifying vulnerabilities in cloud services, particularly Google Cloud, and the importance of curiosity in her research. The episode explores the role of bug bounty programs and the shift towards issuing CVEs for cloud vulnerabilities. Lastly,... Read more »
Routes received from BGP neighbors are stored in BGP RIB.
Routes redistributed into BGP from other protocols are (re)created in the BGP RIB.
BGP selects the best routes in BGP RIB using its convoluted set of rules.
Best routes from the BGP RIB are advertised to BGP neighbors
Best routes from the BGP RIB compete (based on their administrative distance) against routes from other routing protocols to enter the IP routing table (system RIB)
Routes from the system RIB are copied into FIB after their next hops are fully evaluated (a process that might involve multiple recursive lookups).
In this episode of Heavy Wireless, host Keith Parsons and guest Tom Hollingsworth delve into the “experience paradox” in the tech industry: to get experience, you need to have experience. They highlight the disconnect between job requirements and candidates’ actual experience. Tom emphasizes the importance of hands-on learning, home labs, and making mistakes as essential... Read more »
Take a Network Break! This week we cover a couple of listener FUs, and then dive into the news. Attackers exploit a zero-day in Versa to harvest credentials, AT&T agrees to a fine of nearly $1 million for a network outage that affected 911 calls, and Intel and Broadcom tout integrated optics for more broadband... Read more »
Today on the Tech Bytes podcast: network observability. SuzieQ is an open-source project that collects, normalizes, stores, and analyzes multi-vendor network data. This data becomes a foundation for network observability and automation. We talk with Dinesh Dutt, creator of SuzieQ and founder of Stardust Systems, which makes a commercial version of SuzieQ. Stardust Systems is... Read more »
On today’s Packet Protector we talk about how to talk about security objectives in ways that resonate with business and non-technical leaders in your organization. Tying security objectives to business outcomes can help you maintain (or increase) budgets, build trust and credibility with executives, and better align your risk management efforts with the organization’s broader... Read more »
The Internet can feel like magic. When you load a webpage in your browser, many simultaneous requests for data fly back and forth to remote servers. Then, often in less than one second, a website appears. Many people know that DNS is used to look up a hostname, and resolve it to an IP address, but fewer understand how data flows from your home network to the network that controls the IP address of the web server.
The Internet is an interconnected network of networks, operated by thousands of independent entities. To allow these networks to communicate with each other, in 1989, on the back of two napkins, three network engineers devised the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). It allows these independent networks to signal directions for IP prefixes they own, or that are reachable through their network. At that time, Internet security wasn’t a big deal — SSL, initially developed to secure websites, wasn’t developed until 1995, six years later. So BGP wasn’t originally built with security in mind, but over time, security and availability concerns have emerged.
I just realized how much I didn't know about Python Object-Oriented Programming. I thought I knew the basics, but a few days ago, while going through a Python course, I found out I was wrong. Before I forget what I’ve learned, I wanted to write this blog post and share it with you.
In this blog post, we’ll cover the difference between functions and methods, and what exactly ‘self’ means in Python. So, let’s get to it.
Functions vs Method
class MyClass:
def say_hello():
print('Hello')
In this snippet, we’ve defined a Class called MyClass with a function named say_hello. But here’s a question for you - what do you call say_hello? Is it a function or a method?
It’s a common misconception to think that simply defining a function inside a Class automatically makes it a method. However, the distinction lies in how the function is accessed.
Function - When you define a function inside a class, it’s just a regular function until it’s accessed through an instance of the class.
Method - When you access that function via an instance of the class (e.g., `obj.say_hello'), it becomes a method. This is Continue reading
The book seems to be in an early (ever-evolving) stage, but it’s well worth exploring if you’re new to the IPv6 world, and you might consider contributing if you’re a seasoned old-timer.
It would also be nice to have a few online labs to go with it ;)
Hi all, welcome back to the Packetswitch blog. In today's post, we'll explore how to use NAPALM for managing device configurations. We'll focus on Arista EOS as our example. We'll cover the methods available in NAPALM and how to push, commit and revert configurations on Arista devices.
We'll start by explaining what NAPALM is and why you might want to use it. Then we'll move on to a few examples and take a look at what happens behind the scenes. This approach will give you a clear understanding of NAPALM's role in network configuration management and how it works with Arista EOS devices.
What is Napalm?
NAPALM stands for Network Automation and Programmability Abstraction Layer with Multivendor support. It's a Python library that helps network engineers manage and automate different network devices using a common set of functions. NAPALM solves the problem of dealing with multiple vendor-specific interfaces by providing a unified way to interact with network devices from various manufacturers. This means you can use the same code to manage devices from Cisco, Juniper, Arista, and others, saving time and reducing the complexity of network automation tasks.
The reason for a user space stack remains from last time, but this time:
It’s written in Rust. Yay! I know people say Rust has a honeymoon period, but
I guess that’s where I am, still.
It’s a normal library first. The previous C++ implementation started off as
microservices, which in retrospect was needlessly complex and put the cart
before the horse.
I’ve added almost an excessive amount of comments to the code, to cross
reference with the specs. The specs that have a few bugs, by the way.
Rust
I’m not an expert in Rust, but it allows for so much more confidence in your
code than any other language I’ve tried.
I think I know enough Rust to know what I don’t fully know. Sure, I’ve
successfully added lifetime annotations, created macros, and built async code,
but I’m not fluent in those yet.
In 2020, Google introduced Core Web Vitals metrics to measure some aspects
of real-world user experience on the web. This blog has consistently achieved
good scores for two of these metrics: Largest Contentful Paint and
Interaction to Next Paint. However, optimizing the third metric, Cumulative
Layout Shift, which measures unexpected layout changes, has been more
challenging. Let’s face it: optimizing for this metric is not really useful for
a site like this one. But getting a better score is always a good distraction. 💯
To prevent the “flash of invisible text” when using web fonts, developers should
set the font-display property to swap in @font-face rules. This method
allows browsers to initially render text using a fallback font, then replace it
with the web font after loading. While this improves the LCP score, it causes
content reflow and layout shifts if the fallback and web fonts are not
metrically compatible. These shifts negatively affect the CLS score. CSS
provides properties to address this issue by overriding font metrics when using
fallback fonts: size-adjust,
ascent-override, descent-override,
and line-gap-override.
We have been watching the big original equipment manufactures like a hawk to see how they are generating revenues and income from GPU-accelerated system sales. …
Our Heavy Networking guest today is Hans Driessens, and we sat down at AutoCon1 to talk through some of his network automation projects. Hans shares his journey from a service engineer to a consultant specializing in network automation. We discuss the evolution of programming languages, the importance of foundational programming skills, and the practicalities of... Read more »