How we found a bug in the hyper HTTP library
The Images service, built in Rust on Workers, runs on every machine in Cloudflare’s edge network. To handle client connections, we use hyper, an open-source HTTP library for Rust.
Last year, we introduced the Images binding to enable custom, programmatic workflows for processing remote images in Workers. At the end of 2025, we rearchitected the binding to provide a more direct, local connection between the Workers runtime and the Images service.
Shortly after rollout, we received reports that transformation requests from the binding were failing — but only intermittently and only for larger images. Even stranger, the responses for these requests returned a 200 status without any errors logged. The image data was simply cut short: A response that should have been two megabytes might arrive with a few hundred kilobytes instead.
We spent six weeks chasing a nearly invisible bug — a race condition that occurred only under specific conditions — in the hyper library that impacted how the Images binding returned processed image data back to the client. In the end, it took four lines of code to fix it.
When developers build on Cloudflare, they compose full-stack applications from a set Continue reading
Temporary Cloudflare Accounts for AI agents
Everyone's writing code with AI agents today. But the moment an agent needs to deploy something — and needs to sign up and create an account — it slams face-first into a wall built for humans: a browser-based OAuth flow, a dashboard to click through, an API token to copy-paste, a multi-factor authentication prompt to satisfy. For an interactive copilot sitting next to a developer, that's annoying. For a background agent, it's a hard stop.
Today we're rolling out Temporary Cloudflare Accounts for Agents.
Agents can now deploy websites, APIs, and agents right away, without first needing to sign up for an account.
Any agent can now run wrangler deploy --temporary and deploy a Worker to Cloudflare. This temporary deployment stays live for 60 minutes, during which time you can claim the temporary account, making it permanently your own. If you don't, it expires on its own.
Our goal? Let your agent code and ship.
Frictionless temporary accounts matter more than it might first seem:
Background AI sessions have no human in the loop, and are becoming the norm. Any auth step that needs a browser, a copy-paste, or "click here Continue reading
Build your own vulnerability harness
A few weeks ago, we published our initial findings from Project Glasswing, looking at what happens when you point frontier security models at an enterprise codebase. We also explored how our defensive structures adapt to protect our infrastructure and customers from threats posed by frontier AI. Since then, the AI ecosystem has continued to shift rapidly — developers who've built tightly around a single model have already experienced what happens when that model is no longer available or gets superseded by a more capable one. These market shifts only reinforce our core thesis: no matter which underlying model is leading the pack on any given day, the future of agentic workflows will not be found in standalone models, prompts, or single-agent sessions.
Moving from a localized security "skill" to a continuous, fleet-wide scanning pipeline requires an architecture where models are treated as interchangeable components. Relying on a single model inherently limits defensive coverage, as the same system will tend to look at code paths through the exact same lens. To counter this, models should be frequently interchanged and cross-tested. By varying the models across the pipeline — such as using one model for initial discovery and an entirely different Continue reading
Celebrating 12 years of Project Galileo
Twelve years ago this month, Cloudflare launched an ambitious project built on a simple idea: people shouldn’t be knocked offline just because someone more powerful disagrees with them. Today, Project Galileo provides free access to cybersecurity services to more than 3,400 websites belonging to journalists, human rights defenders, and other nonprofit organizations in 120 countries. We continue to believe that a better Internet is one where anyone with an idea can reach a global audience.
Each year on the anniversary of Project Galileo, we announce new products, programs, and strategic partnerships. To celebrate our 12th anniversary this year, we’re publishing our first comprehensive report on cyberattacks targeting civil society, releasing case studies that explore the security needs of 16 Project Galileo participants, and announcing new project partners.
Because Project Galileo now includes 3,400 domains belonging to organizations in over 120 countries, Cloudflare has access to unique data regarding the cyber threats, attacks, and trends targeting civil society — a critical pillar of global democracy. In addition, because the Cloudflare network spans more than 335 cities in 125 countries and more than 20% of the web sits behind it, Continue reading
Bringing more agent harnesses and frameworks to Cloudflare, starting with Flue
2026 is the year agent harnesses go to production. The software that controls the model’s access to the outside world — harnesses like Codex, Claude Code, OpenCode, Pi, and Project Think — has matured to the point where teams are deploying agents as real, load-bearing infrastructure, not just prototypes.
But building agents that survive production is hard.
We learned this firsthand building Project Think as our first-party agent harness. In working with our customers to run agents in production, we found a common set of distributed systems problems that every agent faces when running in the cloud. When an agent is interrupted, how can it automatically and gracefully resume from where it left off, without losing context or wasting tokens? How can agents run untrusted code securely? How can agents use the tools they were trained for?
A harness can’t solve these problems on its own. They’re tied to state, storage and compute — which means they’re dependent on the platform the agent runs on. That’s why we’re taking our learnings from hardening Project Think for production and bringing them to the Cloudflare Agents SDK as a base layer. Durable execution, dynamic code execution, a durable filesystem and dynamic Continue reading
Introducing the Cloudflare One stack: agent-powered deployment
Adopting or migrating to a Zero Trust network architecture can be a daunting task. Before a single policy changes, teams have to recall how their network is actually built: which applications exist, their authentication and authorization constructs, how traffic flows between them, and any assumptions the current architecture makes. This hands-on process requires practitioners to decode the intent behind every security and routing policy in place.
Today, we’re releasing the Cloudflare One stack, a set of skills you give to your agent to configure, deploy, and manage your Zero Trust environment for you. This toolkit is designed to help automate the process of learning an entirely new security suite and mapping your existing one into Cloudflare.
Cloudflare has worked with thousands of customers through exactly this process. That repetition built expertise on where migrations stall, what questions come up every time, and what it takes to move forward. The Cloudflare One stack packages that expertise and makes it more accessible than ever.
Teams are already using agents to write code, triage alerts, and automate workflows. Organizations are increasingly asking for Cloudflare-provided tooling to help agents execute on security workflows. On their own, agents Continue reading
Cloudflare DMARC Management is now generally available
When we first launched DMARC Management, it was driven by a simple belief: every domain on the Internet deserves strong email authentication, and cost should never be the reason it doesn't happen. As part of our mission to help build a better Internet, we made DMARC Management available for free to every Cloudflare customer. We wanted to give everyone the tools to understand and improve their DMARC posture without needing to hire an email security consultant or parse XML report files by hand.
Today, we are taking that commitment further. Cloudflare DMARC Management is now generally available, with a redesigned experience built to help you reach full DMARC enforcement as easily as possible.
The DMARC Management dashboard offers a unified view of your email authentication posture.
Every time someone receives an email "from" your domain, their email provider asks a simple question: did the real owner of this domain actually send this? Without a way to answer that question, anyone can send an email pretending to be you and your recipients will have no way to tell the difference.
Email authentication is the set of DNS records that answers that question. There Continue reading
Growing the Cloudflare AI team with talent from Ensemble AI
Today, we’re excited to share that key members of the team at Ensemble AI are joining Cloudflare to help accelerate our work in AI infrastructure and make it easier for developers to run powerful AI models efficiently at scale.
Ensemble AI, founded in 2023 in San Francisco, has spent the last few years focused on one of the most important challenges in AI: making large models faster, smaller, and more cost-effective to serve, without sacrificing quality. The team has developed new approaches to model compression and efficient inference that are designed to reduce the memory, compute, and deployment overhead of large language models and multimodal architectures.
As AI becomes a core part of how developers build applications, the economics of inference matter more than ever. Models are getting larger; workloads are becoming more dynamic. And customers increasingly expect AI to be available everywhere: globally distributed, fast, reliable, and affordable. Bringing the Ensemble AI team into Cloudflare strengthens our ability to make that possible.
The team at Ensemble AI has focused on preserving the structure inside modern AI models while reducing the cost of running them. Instead of treating model efficiency as only a quantization or hardware problem, Continue reading
Scaling Security Insights: how we achieved a 10x increase in global scanning capacity
Security Insights provides actionable security recommendations for every Cloudflare account. To find these insights, we perform regular scans for all accounts, zones, and DNS records, looking for potential security risks and misconfigurations.
However, two key issues emerged. First, our scans were too infrequent. Scans were only being performed every week or two, and therefore newly introduced security risks could remain undetected for up to two weeks. Second, automatic scanning was opt-in for many free plan accounts – meaning lots of accounts weren’t being scanned at all.
The risks of infrequent or nonexistent scans are rising: as automated attacks accelerate, the window for detecting security misconfigurations is shrinking. Making sure that we’re finding these issues for all of our customers is crucial to our aim of building a better Internet for everyone.
We calculated that to increase our scanning frequencies and enable automatic scanning for all accounts, we would need to increase our scanning throughput by around 10x on average – from 10 scans per second to 100 per second. But our system was already struggling with its load: millions of events were filling up our backlog waiting to be processed; our API was frequently timing out; our processes were crashing. Continue reading
Route public traffic to private applications with Cloudflare
For most of the Internet’s history, public and private infrastructure operated as separate worlds. Public applications lived behind content delivery networks (CDNs) and web application firewalls (WAFs). Private applications lived behind virtual private networks (VPNs), firewalls, and separate operational stacks. We think that distinction is becoming obsolete.
Many of the applications organizations care about are not public websites. They are internal APIs, AI agent backends, MCP servers, operational tools, and services that were never designed to be exposed to the public Internet. Yet these applications still need modern security, performance, and programmability services. Security should be a property of the traffic reaching an application, not an accident of where the application happens to sit.
Until now, applying those services to private applications often required public IPs, firewall exceptions, connector software, or complex networking. As a result, many private applications missed out on capabilities such as WAF, bot management, rate limiting, caching, traffic acceleration, rewrites, and Workers, despite needing the same protections and controls as public-facing applications.
Today, we're launching Application Services for Private Origins in closed beta for eligible Enterprise customers. Customers can now securely route traffic to private origins without exposing those origins to the public Internet. This allows Continue reading
Defend against frontier cyber models: Cloudflare’s architecture as customer zero
A few weeks ago, we wrote about Project Glasswing and what we observed when we pointed cyber frontier models at our own code. Since then, we’ve seen that the part of the post that has resonated most deeply is the argument that the architecture around the vulnerability matters more than the speed of the patch.
In the conversations we've had with CISOs and security teams since, the questions have been consistent: what does our architecture actually look like, what should we monitor for, where do we start, and how can Cloudflare help?
Before getting into the details: the architecture below is built almost entirely from Cloudflare's own products, because Cloudflare security is customer zero for the security products we build. The Cloudflare stack already exists in front of our code, employees, and customer-facing applications. If you're a Cloudflare customer, every layer below is available to you today. If you're not, the principles still apply to whatever stack you've built.
In the previous post, we showed how a cyber frontier model like Mythos changes the attacker’s timeline. It can find vulnerabilities, reason through exploit chains, and generate working proofs faster than earlier models. Continue reading
Turning Cloudflare’s threat indicators into real-time WAF rules
Cloudflare’s Threat Events provides security analysts with a window into the global threat landscape. The platform offers a peek into the immense traffic that Cloudflare processes every day, so you can see in real time which IPs are attacking specific industries or which threat actors are trending globally. However, translating that visibility into active mitigation has often been a manual, reactive process.
Security teams have faced a recurring frustration: knowing that certain IP addresses were associated with specific threat actors (like Tycoon 2FA or RaccoonO365) or had been seen targeting their specific industry in other regions, but they couldn't easily automate the blocking of these high-risk IPs within their own WAF unless they manually configured the rules.
We are excited to announce a new integration that brings Cloudflare’s vast threat intelligence directly into your WAF engine: you can now write proactive rules using live intelligence data. This means you can add more intelligence context to protect your application against known bad actors — before they even attempt to touch your infrastructure.
By populating specialized fields during the early stages of a request, the WAF can now screen traffic based on:
Who is attacking by matching specific threat actor Continue reading
Your AI bill is out of control. Cloudflare can fix it now.
There isn't a CIO on the planet not worried about AI spend right now. CFOs are increasingly nervous, too.
For fear of falling behind, many companies have pushed their employees to use AI as aggressively as possible. The edict was clear: "Move fast, we'll figure out the bill later." And for the most part, it worked: AI has been genuinely transformational for the teams that leaned in.
But the costs are real: we’ve heard countless horror stories of huge bills and painful overages on token spend.
Today, we're announcing spend controls in Cloudflare AI Gateway, and a closed beta for identity-driven budgets and routing using Cloudflare Access and your existing identity provider.
As we’ve spoken with hundreds of companies about their AI strategy, we’ve seen a common story: The company gives every engineer access to frontier models through a shared API key. Usage takes off. At the end of the month, finance pulls the invoice and nobody can explain where the money went. Was it the machine learning team training a new pipeline? Was it an intern running Claude Opus on email triage? Was it a runaway continuous integration job that burned through 50 million tokens in a weekend? Continue reading
VoidZero is joining Cloudflare
VoidZero, the company behind Vite, Vitest, Rolldown, Oxc, and Vite+, is joining Cloudflare. As part of this change, all team members of VoidZero are joining Cloudflare, too.
Before saying anything else, we want to make the most important thing clear: Vite, Vitest, Rolldown, Oxc, and Vite+ will stay open source, vendor-agnostic, and community-driven. Nothing about that changes.
Cloudflare's mission is to help build a better Internet. And a better Internet is an open Internet. Developers need choice, frameworks need a neutral foundation, and applications need to be portable. It is not reasonable to expect the entire web ecosystem to build around a single vendor. The most important tools and frameworks are portable by design.
Vite is one of the few foundational tools that the whole JavaScript ecosystem agrees on. It earned that position by being fast, excellent, portable, and vendor-neutral. One of the best ways Cloudflare can help build a better Internet is by investing in that foundational open source toolchain. A toolchain that makes the Internet better for everyone, not just people who use Cloudflare or choose to host with us.
Over the last few years we've invested heavily in making Cloudflare the best Continue reading
Enforcing the First AS in BGP AS_PATHs
Some recent route hijacks reported by Spamhaus captured our attention. In many of these hijack attempts, an apparent bad actor took advantage of unused autonomous system numbers, or ASNs. Notably in these hijacks, the actor appears to be creating fake AS_PATHs toward destinations, misdirecting traffic down an unexpected path.
By creating forged AS_PATHs, the hijacker is attempting to lead traffic somewhere it isn’t normally meant to go while also trying to conceal their identity. A hijacker could strip enough information away from a network path that they could pretend to be the origin of a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) prefix themselves. Attackers can use this hijacked route to intercept traffic and for other nefarious purposes.
There is a simple solution for these cases: basic verification that a BGP peer autonomous system (AS) always includes their network as the “First AS” in an advertised route. To get a sense of how well these safeguards are implemented, we stress-tested several major networks and researched their BGP implementations. Read on to see what we learned.
The idea that an actor is creating fake AS_PATHs is supported when we take a closer look at implausible AS Continue reading
How we reduced core unit boot time from hours to minutes
Cloudflare's core is the centralized data centers that run our control plane, billing, and analytics — distinct from the globally distributed edge that handles user traffic. Core servers are bare metal, and when issues happen during reboot, the consequences can cascade fast.
Their boot sequence is orchestrated by UEFI, the modern firmware standard that initializes hardware and hands off control to the operating system. Small quirks in that handoff can have outsized consequences.
After a routine firmware update, some of our core servers were taking four hours to come back online, rather than just minutes as they did before. What should have been a one-day fleet-wide rollout was stretching into multi-day slogs. New nodes faced the full timeout gauntlet on their very first boot. Maintenance windows ballooned. Engineering teams had to babysit upgrades that should have run unattended.
The behavior we saw was brought to light when we were bringing nodes online that had been powered off for an extended period. These nodes’ firmware was out of date and required multiple updates to resolve. Combine this with recent updates to the boot protocols used by servers in some of our locations, and boot times on the affected Continue reading
How we built Cloudflare’s data platform and an AI agent on top of it
Cloudflare processes more than a billion events every second. Our network spans 330+ cities in 120+ countries. Behind every HTTP request, every Worker invocation, every R2 read operation, there is data, and a lot of it.
For years, that data was not very easy to access. It lived in dozens of production databases, ClickHouse clusters, Kafka streams, Google Cloud buckets, BigQuery datasets, and a long tail of pipelines. To answer a simple question like "How many domains that signed up today are in the Top 100 by traffic?", an analyst at Cloudflare had to know which system to ask, what credentials to use, what query language to write, and whether the data they were looking at was sampled, fresh, or seven-days stale. As a result, it was difficult to glean informed insights from the data.
To solve this problem, we built two in-house tools: Town Lake, Cloudflare's unified data analytics platform, and Skipper, an AI data agent that runs on top of it. Town Lake is a single SQL interface to everything Cloudflare knows, and Skipper is how anyone at Cloudflare can ask questions in plain English and get correct, auditable answers back in seconds.
This is the story Continue reading
Iran’s Internet is partially restored, Cloudflare Radar data shows
On Tuesday, May 26, Iran’s vice president announced that Internet access had started to be restored in the country after being cut off almost three months ago, following the launch of U.S. and Israeli attacks on February 28.
Cloudflare Radar data confirms increased activity and indicates a partial restoration of the Internet in Iran. In this blog post, we’ll examine a range of data points that provide a lens into this prolonged shutdown – and the signs that Iran’s citizens are increasingly able to connect once again. As the situation continues to unfold, Radar will have the latest data on Iran’s connectivity.
Iranian citizens have experienced two national Internet shutdowns this year. The first began on January 8 around 16:30 UTC (20:00 local time), and we explored the impact seen over the first few days in a blog post. Traffic from Iran remained near zero until January 21, when a small amount of traffic returned, only to disappear a little over 24 hours later. A similar brief restoration also occurred on January 25, before traffic recovered more fully beginning on January 27.
In late February, as military strikes on Iran escalated, a second Continue reading
Announcing Claude Compliance API support with Cloudflare CASB
Today, we are extending Cloudflare’s cloud access security broker (CASB) to support the Claude Compliance API. Security and compliance teams can now monitor Claude usage directly in the Cloudflare dashboard. No endpoint agents required.
Enterprise security teams have long struggled to see how users interact with sanctioned and unsanctioned applications. The rapid adoption of AI applications has made this harder. Employees spend significant time in these new surface areas, and their interactions differ from traditional SaaS: users upload files, share freeform prompts, and providers generate content that may contain sensitive data.
Cloudflare CASB helps solve this problem. One API integration gives you out-of-band visibility and control over the applications your organization uses. This integration builds on our existing support for AI governance, extending coverage over the most common tools security teams now manage.
AI adoption has outpaced security governance. While IT and security teams raced to enable AI tools for productivity, the controls lagged behind. Most organizations today operate with partial visibility: they may block unauthorized AI tools at the network layer, but they cannot see what happens inside sanctioned ones.
This matters because AI tools are not like traditional SaaS Continue reading
Announcing Claude Managed Agents on Cloudflare
Cloudflare and Anthropic have collaborated to integrate Claude Managed Agents with Cloudflare Sandboxes. Our new integration gives you more control over your agent sandboxes, secures connections to private services, and improves observability.
In the past year, Cloudflare’s Developer Platform has expanded to give more developers the tools they need to run agents at scale. This includes:
Sandboxes for full stateful Linux microVMs at scale
Agents SDK, providing simple and customizable agent framework
Browser Run, which gives agents fully programmable and observable browsers
Dynamic Workers, allowing for dynamic sandboxed code execution at massive scale
Our goal is to make Cloudflare the simplest, most secure, and most programmable cloud for agents.
Integrating with Claude Managed Agents is another step in this direction. You can run your agent loop on the Claude Platform, while using Cloudflare to execute code, secure connections, and run custom tool calls.
To get going in just minutes, we’ve created a default deployment template that gives you the following:
Enhanced security - Run all agent traffic through customizable proxies. This allows you to securely inject credentials, prevent data exfiltration, and better observe how your agents interact with the outside world.
Sandbox control and observability - Get Continue reading