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Category Archives for "Networking"

Discovery Protocols- CDP and LLDP

Today I am going to talk about the CDP and LLDP protocols. As you guys already knew of CDP, I think most of you are using this command in your daily use to find the connected devices in Cisco devices environment while LLDP is same as CDP but it is a standard protocol for all other Vendors.

So If I am talking about the CDP, CDP Stands for Cisco Discovery Protocol and LLDP stands for Link Layer Discovery Protocol. The role and the working is same for both of these protocols.

CDP is a Cisco proprietary protocol and can be used only on Cisco devices While  LLDP is the standard protocol and can be used for interworking between different network vendors. We need to know only CDP with regards to discovery protocols. But it is always good to go beyond and above what is required in the exam topics. You might find yourself in the situation where you have to monitor and configure a multi-vendor network. LLDP knowledge will come in handy in that situation.

Fig 1.1- CDP Protocol

Some of the important facts about CDP Protocols are given below:-
  • CDP is used to discover the directly related neighboring gadgets, Continue reading

MPLS Design Scenario : Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)

Today I am going to talk about one of the best practices we are doing while we configuring MPLS in our network. This post is basically for the Service Providers who provide MPLS services to their clients. Let's talk about the concept PHP in details. PHP Stands for penultimate hop popping.

Before you go with this article, Lets review all the articles which can be relevant with the service Provider Domain. Below are the links of these articles.


Now Let's talk about the PHP,  PHP is penultimate hop popping which means remove the label one hop before its destination.It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged packet is removed by a Label Switch Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an adjacent Label Edge Router.

Below is the diagram showing the PHP operation in MPLS environment

Fig 1.1- PHP in MPLS

The process is important in a Layer 3 MPLS VPN environment as it reduces the load on Continue reading

NFD16 First Impressions

Getting bored sitting at San Jose airport waiting for Vagrant to update guest additions in my Ubuntu VM (first item on my to-do list: prepare final version of material for next week’s Docker workshop), so here are my very first impressions of Networking Field Day 16 presentations we’ve seen in the last three days.

As always, there were great presentations, good presentations, … and a few that are best forgotten. I won’t mention those.

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Keeping the door open

Last week we announced the names of twenty-five individuals who were selected as the awardees of our 25 under 25 program, an initiative which recognizes young people from around the globe who are using the Internet to make a positive difference.

The program forms part of the Internet Society’s 25th Anniversary celebrations this month, including a special recognition ceremony planned in Los Angeles, California on Monday 18 September for the 25 under 25. We invited all twenty-five awardees to Los Angeles to take part and receive their awards in person but we have learnt that unfortunately, not everyone will be able to travel. Three of the awardees have not been granted visas to enter the United States.

On hearing this news one awardee, Mariano Gomez, penned us an open letter. In it, he explains his frustration at a process which required him to travel over several days to a ten minute interview which resulted in rejection. He described with utter clarity the irony of being denied entry due to the very conditions he hopes to address with the innovations he is pursuing on the Internet.

We understand and applaud Mariano’s statement. Not only are we disappointed that he and two Continue reading

Worth Reading: Work life balance

Miserable at work? You’re not alone. More than half of U.S. employees were not engaged at work between 2010 and 2012 according to Gallup’s recent State of the American Workplace report, which collected data from more than 195,000 employees. Many of those who were not engaged wanted a reason to be, such as the company showing them how to perform their best. —Alessandra Malito @ MarketWatch

The post Worth Reading: Work life balance appeared first on rule 11 reader.

New BlueBorne Vulnerability to Bluetooth Devices – What happened and what to do about it

Billions of Bluetooth-enabled devices may be exposed to a new remote attack called “BlueBorne”, even without user interaction or pairing. Affected systems include Windows, iOS (older than iOS 10), the Linux kernel, and Android. What should you do about it?

Bluetooth is ubiquitous, commonly connecting accessories like headsets and keyboards, but is also used throughout the brave new Internet of Things (IoT) world. An attacker exploiting these BlueBorne vulnerabilities can mount a man-in-the-middle attack, or even take control of a device without the user even noticing it.

The vulnerabilities were discovered by a security company called Armis earlier this year. Researchers reached out to the companies responsible for vulnerable implementations that lead to the coordinated disclosure (and patches) on September 12. (You can read more about our views on responsible disclosure and collaborative security in Olaf Kolkman’s blog post here.)

This case once again highlights how crucial it is that software update mechanisms are available to fix vulnerabilities, update configuration settings, and add new functionality to devices. There are challenges, both technological and economic, in having update capabilities ubiquitously deployed, as discussed in the recently published Report from the Internet of Things Software Update (IoTSU) Workshop 2016.

Vulnerabilities Continue reading

Worth Reading: Hunting AdwindRAT

An increasing number of malware families employ SSL/TLS encryption in order to evade detection by Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). In this blog post I’m gonna have a look at Adwind, which is a cross-platform Remote Access Trojan (RAT) that has been using SSL to conceal it’s traffic for several years. AdwindRAT typically connects SSL sessions to seemingly random TCP ports on the C2 servers. Hence, a heuristic that could potentially be used to hunt for Adwind RAT malware is to look for SSL traffic going to TCP ports that normally don’t use SSL. However, relying on ONLY that heuristic would generate way too many false positives. —Erik Hjelmvik @ Netrecsec

The post Worth Reading: Hunting AdwindRAT appeared first on rule 11 reader.

Penny Pinching With Open Source

You might have seen this Register article this week which summarized a Future:Net talk from Peyton Koran. In the article and the talk, Peyton talks about how the network vendor and reseller market has trapped organizations into a needless cycle of bad hardware and buggy software. He suggests that organizations should focus on their new “core competency” of software development and run whitebox or merchant hardware on top of open source networking stacks. He says that developers can use code that has a lot of community contributions and shares useful functionality. It’s a high and mighty goal. However, I think the open source part of the equation is going to cause some issues.

A Penny For Your Thoughts

The idea behind open source isn’t that hard to comprehend. Everything available to see and build. Anyone can contribute and give back to the project and make the world a better place. At least, that’s the theory. Reality is sometimes a bit different.

Many times, I’ve had off-the-record conversations with organizations that are consuming open source resources and projects as a starting point for building something that will end up containing many proprietary resources. When I ask them about contributing back to Continue reading

LAG vs. ECMP discussion on real network deployments

We discussed LAG (Link Aggregation Group) and the ECMP (Equal Cost Multipath) on real network deployments with the Service Provider/Telco Engineer engineers on my slack group.   I thought it was good discussion so you can see what others are doing and the reasons of their deployments.    In this talk, three people involved. Myself […]

The post LAG vs. ECMP discussion on real network deployments appeared first on Cisco Network Design and Architecture | CCDE Bootcamp | orhanergun.net.

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