Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an architecture where the network’s control plane is decoupled from the data plane to centralized controllers. These intelligent, programmable controllers manage network components as a single system, having a global view of the whole network. Microsoft’s Azure uses a host-based SDN solution, where network virtualization and most of its services (Firewalls, Load balancers, Gateways) run as software on the host. The physical switching infrastructure, in turn, offers a resilient, high-speed underlay transport network between hosts.
Figure 1-1 shows an overview of Azure’s SDN architecture. Virtual Filtering Platform (VFP) is Microsoft’s cloud-scale software switch operating as a virtual forwarding extension within a Hyper-V basic vSwitch. The forwarding logic of the VFP uses a layered policy model based on policy rules on Match-Action Table (MAT). VFP works on a data plane, while complex control plane operations are handed over to centralized control systems. VFP layers, such as VNET, NAT, ACL, and Metering, have dedicated controllers that programs policy rules to MAT using southbound APIs.
Software switches switching processes are CPU intensive. To reduce the burden of CPU cycles, VFP offloads data forwarding logic to hardware NIC after processing the first packet of the flow and creating the flow Continue reading

There was a tweet the other day that posited that we don’t “need” to replicate problems to solve them. Ultimately the reason for the tweet was that a helpdesk refused to troubleshoot the problem until they could replicate the issue and the tweeter thought that wasn’t right. It made me start thinking about why troubleshooters are so bent on trying to make something happen again before we actually start trying to fix an issue.
Everyone by now has heard that the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting a different result. While funny and a bit oversimplified the reality of troubleshooting is that you are trying to make it do something different with the same inputs. Because if you can make it do the same thing over and over again you’re closer to the root cause of the issue.
Root cause is the key to problem solving. If you don’t fix what’s actually wrong you are only dealing with symptoms and not issues. However, you can’t know what’s actually wrong until you can make it happen more than once. That’s because you have to narrow the actual issue down Continue reading
On today's Kubernetes Unpacked podcast we talk about taking on Kubernetes as a young engineer. As all IT pros know, learning Kubernetes isn’t the easiest thing, especially when you’re first entering the field. Guest Alero Awani, a college student, talks about her transition from Data Engineering to cloud and DevOps, and how and why she came to learn Kubernetes.
The post Kubernetes Unpacked 016: Taking On Kubernetes As A New Engineer appeared first on Packet Pushers.
The rise of fintech has pushed traditional financial institutions to provide online-based services and launch fintech applications. But these services must be secure and meet certain regulatory requirements, such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), or SOC 2.
When our customer, Mulligan Funding, needed to launch a new fintech SaaS platform, they had to ensure that all communication to and from the application would be secure and SOC 2 compliant, since the platform would handle sensitive personal and financial data. To achieve this, Mulligan Funding decided to standardize on Microsoft Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) and chose Calico Cloud for its security and compliance needs.
Mulligan Funding faced two major challenges when it came to achieving SOC 2 compliance:
Read the case study to learn:
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