Apple Only Pays 48M per year in Bug Bounties ?
This article from Apple boggles my brain: Apple Security Bounty. Upgraded. – Apple Security Research – https://security.apple.com/blog/apple-security-bounty-upgraded/ In the past two and a half years since opening our program, we’re incredibly proud to have awarded researchers nearly $20 million in total payments, with an average payout of $40,000 in the Product category, and including 20 […]
What to Expect When You’re Expecting Rural Broadband
Opt-outs by Starry and others, questions of speed, and making business cases have created uncertainty for enterprise network planners looking to reach offices and homes by operators fueled by the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund.Kubernetes 003. Developing and Publishing Cloud-Native Application: Overview of Key Kubernetes Primitives
Hello my friend,
It took a bit since our previous blogpost about the setup of the highly-available Kubernetes cluster with multiple control plane and worker nodes. We aimed to write the blogpost about the upgrade, but we will park it for now for two reasons:
- Despite this topic is needed for the exam, it is not very often performed within the cluster.
- We want to provide a broader overview of Kubernetes from the perspective of building and using applications on top of it.
Therefore, we decided to walk you through the main components used to build and publish your application in a cloud native way on Kubernetes. Let’s dive into that.
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Can Kubernetes Help to Automate Networks?
These days there are interesting projects emerging with Kubernetes acting as a management plane for network devices. Kubernetes in such projects has a role of the entity, which distributes configuration to the worker nodes, which are either proxies for Continue reading
Generalized Linear Models(GLMs) Rough Notes
Generalized Linear Model
In case of Linear Models, we assume a linear relationship between the mean of the response variable and a set of explanatory variables with inference assuming that response variable has a Normal conditional distribution with constant variance. The Generalized Linear Model permits the distribution for the Response Variable other than the normal and permits modeling of non-linear functions of the mean. Linear models are special case of GLM.
GLM extends normal linear models to encompass non-normal distributions and equating linear predictors to nonlinear functions of the mean. The fundamental preimise is that
1) We have a linear predictor. $\eta_{i} = a + Bx$.
2) Predictor is linked to the fitted response variable value of $Y_{i}, \mu_{i}$
3) The linking is done by the link function, such that $g(\mu_{i}) = \eta_{i} $. For example, for a linear function $\mu_{i} = \eta_{i}$, for an exponential function, $log(\mu_{i}) = \eta_{i}$
$ g(\mu_{i}) = \beta_{0} + \beta_{1}x_{i1} + … + \beta_{p}x_{ip} $
The link function $g(\mu_{i})$ is called the link function.
Some common examples:
- Identity: $\mu = \eta$, example: $\mu = a + bx$
- Log: $log(\mu) = \eta$, example: $\mu = e^{a + bx}$
- Logit: $logit(\mu) = \eta$, example: $\mu = Continue reading
Generalized Linear Models(GLMs) Rough Notes
In case of Linear Models, we assume a linear relationship between the mean of the response variable and a set of explanatory variables with inference assuming that response variable has a Normal conditional distribution with constant variance. The Generalized Linear Model permits the distribution for the Response Variable other than the normal and permits modeling of non-linear functions of the mean. Linear models are special case of GLM.Worth Exploring: NetTowel
A few months ago, Urs Baumann created NetTowel, a very nice CLI wrapper around several popular libraries, including Jinja2, TTP, NetMiko and netaddr. Although it seems he got busy with other things in recent months, and the development stalled a bit, the tool is definitely worth exploring.
Worth Exploring: NetTowel
A few months ago, Urs Baumann created NetTowel, a very nice CLI wrapper around several popular libraries, including Jinja2, TTP, NetMiko and netaddr. Although it seems he got busy with other things in recent months, and the development stalled a bit, the tool is definitely worth exploring.
Wi-Fi 6E Growing Pains For Apple
You may have seen that the new iPad Pro has Wi-Fi 6E support. That caused a lot of my wireless friends to jump out and order one, as I expected. As I previously mentioned, 2023 is going to be a big year for Wi-Fi 6E. I was wrong about the 6E radio on the new iPhone but given the direction that Apple is going with the iPad Pro and probably the MacBook as well we’re in for a lot of fun. Why? Because Apple is changing their stance on how to configure 6GHz networks.
An SSID By Any Other Name
If you’ve ever set up wireless networks before you know there are some different suggestions about how to configure the SSIDs with multiple bands. One school of thought says that you need to combine both 2.4GHz and 5GHz in the same SSID and let the device figure out which one is the best to use. This is the way that I have mine set up at home.
However, if you do a quick Google search you’ll find a lot of other wisdom that suggests creating two different SSIDs that only work on a single band. The thought process Continue reading
Hybrid’s Dominance Brings New Focus to the Data Center
Hybrid is the dominant infrastructure today and likely for the foreseeable future. As such, IT and data center managers will need to ensure both data center and cloud environments are highly available and responsive.Heavy Networking 653: Design, Deploy, And Operate With Nokia Data Center Fabric Solution (Sponsored)
Today’s Heavy Networking, sponsored by Nokia, dives into Nokia's fabric-based approach to data center automation and operations. That approach includes its SR Linux network OS, its Fabric Services System intent-based platform, its NetOps Development Kit, or NDK, and how all this ties together to address your operational life cycle across Day zero, Day 1, Day Two, and beyond.
The post Heavy Networking 653: Design, Deploy, And Operate With Nokia Data Center Fabric Solution (Sponsored) appeared first on Packet Pushers.
Heavy Networking 653: Design, Deploy, And Operate With Nokia Data Center Fabric Solution (Sponsored)
Today’s Heavy Networking, sponsored by Nokia, dives into Nokia's fabric-based approach to data center automation and operations. That approach includes its SR Linux network OS, its Fabric Services System intent-based platform, its NetOps Development Kit, or NDK, and how all this ties together to address your operational life cycle across Day zero, Day 1, Day Two, and beyond.Could I Use netlab instead of GNS3?
I’m often getting questions along the lines of “I’m using GNS3. Could I replace it with netlab?"
TL&DR: No.
You need a set of functions to build a network lab:
- Virtualization environment (netlab supports VirtualBox, libvirt, Docker, Podman)
- An orchestration tool/system that will deploy network device images in such an environment (netlab supports Vagrant and containerlab)
- A tool that will build orchestration system configuration (netlab core functionality)
Could I Use netlab instead of GNS3?
I’m often getting questions like “I’m using GNS3. Could I replace it with netlab?”
TL&DR: No.
You need a set of functions to build a network lab:
- Virtualization environment (netlab supports VirtualBox, libvirt, Docker, and Podman)
- An orchestration tool/system that will deploy network device images in such an environment (netlab supports Vagrant and containerlab)
- A tool that will build orchestration system configuration (netlab core functionality)
Data Validation using Pydantic Models
In the realm of automation, scripts often thrive on the variables they receive. These variables determine the actions the script will perform. However, if a script encounters a variable in a format or data type it doesn't expect, it might throw an error with a message that's about as clear as mud. This is where data validation comes into play.
Validating the data passed to a script is like giving it a road map to success. It ensures that the script knows what to expect and how to handle it. Whether the data is coming from another script or an end device, validation helps prevent those cryptic error messages and keeps your automation journey smooth sailing.
What is Data Validation?
Data validation is like the gatekeeper of your data world—it's all about ensuring that the data you're dealing with is accurate, reliable, and fits the requirements of whatever you're trying to do with it. Think of it as quality control for your data before you start using it in your programs or analyses. There are various ways to validate data depending on what you need it for and what rules it needs to follow. And that's where pydantic swoops in Continue reading