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Recently, while troubleshooting a separate issue, I had a need to get more information about the token used by Kubernetes Service Accounts. In this post, I’ll share a quick command-line that can fully decode a Service Account token.
Service Account tokens are stored as Secrets in the “kube-system” namespace of a Kubernetes cluster. To retrieve just the token portion of the Secret, use -o jsonpath like this (replace “sa-token” with the appropriate name for your environment):
kubectl -n kube-system get secret sa-token \
-o jsonpath='{.data.token}'
The output is Base64-encoded, so just pipe the output into base64:
kubectl -n kube-system get secret sa-token \
-o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 --decode
The result you’re seeing is a JSON Web Token (JWT). You could use the JWT web site to decode the token, but given that I’m a fan of the CLI I decided to use this JWT CLI utility instead:
kubectl -n kube-system get secret sa-token \
-o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 --decode | \
jwt decode -
The final -, for those who may not be familiar, is the syntax to tell the jwt utility to look at STDIN for the JWT it needs to Continue reading
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We all know what OpenWrt is. The amazing Linux distro built specifically for embedded devices.
What you can achieve with a rather cheap router running OpenWrt, is mind-boggling.
OpenWrt also gives you a great control over its build system. For normal cases, you probably don’t need to build OpenWrt from source yourself. That has been done for you already and all you need to do, is to just download the appropriate compiled firmware image and then upload it to your router1.
But for more advanced usages, you may find yourself needing to build OpenWrt images yourself. This could be due wanting to make some changes to the code, add some device specific options, etc.
Building OpenWrt from source is easy, well-documented, and works great. That is, until you start using opkg to install some new packages.
opkg will by default fetch new packages from the official repository (as one might expect), but depending on the package, the installation may or may not fail.
