netlab 25.12: Cisco IOS/XR Configuration Modules, More VXLAN Goodies

netlab release 25.12 (25.12.02 to be exact – I had a few PEBCAK moments) was published last Friday. Here are the highlights:

• Significantly improved Cisco IOS/XR support. With the netlab release 25.12, you can configure VLANs, VRFs, static routes, route redistribution, OSPF default routes, BGP confederations, and BGP local-as
• VXLAN-over-IPv6 on Arista EOS
• VXLAN with ingress replication on Cisco Catalyst 8000v
• The shutdown link/interface attribute can be used to start labs with interfaces turned off
• Large BGP community lists, implemented on Arista EOS, FRR, and Junos. You can use standard- or large community lists in routing policies
• The netlab validate command will reread validation tests from a modified lab topology file every time you run it. It can also read validation tests from a separate file.

Python Workers redux: fast cold starts, packages, and a uv-first workflow

^{Note: This post was updated with additional details regarding AWS Lambda.}

Last year we announced basic support for Python Workers, allowing Python developers to ship Python to region: Earth in a single command and take advantage of the Workers platform.

Since then, we’ve been hard at work making the Python experience on Workers feel great. We’ve focused on bringing package support to the platform, a reality that’s now here — with exceptionally fast cold starts and a Python-native developer experience.

This means a change in how packages are incorporated into a Python Worker. Instead of offering a limited set of built-in packages, we now support any package supported by Pyodide, the WebAssembly runtime powering Python Workers. This includes all pure Python packages, as well as many packages that rely on dynamic libraries. We also built tooling around uv to make package installation easy.

We’ve also implemented dedicated memory snapshots to reduce cold start times. These snapshots result in serious speed improvements over other serverless Python vendors. In cold start tests using common packages, Cloudflare Workers start over 2.4x faster than AWS Lambda without SnapStart and 3x faster than Google Cloud Run.

In this blog post, we’ll explain Continue reading

Compressing embedded files in Go

Go’s embed feature lets you bundle static assets into an executable, but it stores them uncompressed. This wastes space: a web interface with documentation can bloat your binary by dozens of megabytes. A proposition to optionally enable compression was declined because it is difficult to handle all use cases. One solution? Put all the assets into a ZIP archive! 🗜️

Code

The Go standard library includes a module to read and write ZIP archives. It contains a function that turns a ZIP archive into an io/fs.FS structure that can replace embed.FS in most contexts.¹

package embed

import (
  "archive/zip"
  "bytes"
  _ "embed"
  "fmt"
  "io/fs"
  "sync"
)

//go:embed data/embed.zip
var embeddedZip []byte

var dataOnce = sync.OnceValue(func() *zip.Reader {
  r, err := zip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(embeddedZip), int64(len(embeddedZip)))
  if err != nil {
    panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot read embedded archive: %s", err))
  }
  return r
})

func Data() fs.FS {
  return dataOnce()
}

We can build the embed.zip archive with a rule in a Makefile. We specify the files Continue reading

9 Pantai Terbaik di Indonesia Versi Traveler: Surga Tersembunyi di Nusantara

Indonesia adalah gugusan pulau yang memesona. Negara ini menyimpan ribuan potensi wisata pantai yang luar biasa. Setiap sudut menawarkan keindahan yang berbeda. Dari Sabang hingga Merauke, surga bahari tersimpan. Seorang traveler sejati pasti ingin menjelajahinya. Berikut daftar 9 pantai terbaik pilihan traveler. Pantai-pantai ini menawarkan pengalaman liburan tak terlupakan.

Kontroversi Hak Kewarganegaraan di Amerika Serikat

Latar Belakang Perdebatan Besar di Amerika

Selama hampir 160 tahun, Amandemen ke-14 menetapkan bahwa setiap orang yang lahir di wilayah Amerika Serikat berhak menjadi warga negara Amerika. Aturan itu hanya membuat sedikit pengecualian. Misalnya untuk anak diplomat atau anggota militer asing. Karena itu, banyak orang menganggap aturan tersebut sebagai fondasi utama identitas Amerika.

Namun, pemerintahan Donald Trump memicu perdebatan panas sejak awal masa jabatannya. Ia menandatangani perintah eksekutif untuk mengakhiri hak kewarganegaraan otomatis bagi anak yang lahir dari orang tua tanpa izin tinggal atau berstatus visa sementara. Trump melihat hal tersebut sebagai bagian dari reformasi imigrasi besar. Dia menilai bahwa keamanan nasional selalu menjadi prioritas utama.

Sementara itu, aktivis hak sipil dengan tegas menolak langkah keras tersebut. Mereka menyebut hak kewarganegaraan berdasarkan kelahiran sudah dijamin konstitusi, bukan sekadar kebijakan politik yang bisa diubah secara sepihak. Bahkan Cecillia Wang, Direktur ACLU, menegaskan bahwa tidak ada presiden yang bisa menghapus janji fundamental Amandemen ke-14.

Pertarungan Hukum Menuju Mahkamah Agung

Selanjutnya, banyak pengadilan federal langsung menghentikan perintah eksekutif Trump. Mereka menyatakan tindakan itu melanggar Konstitusi. Continue reading

Best of the Hedge: Hedge 6 on DoH (Part 2)

In this episode of the Hedge, Geoff Huston joins Tom Ammon and Russ White to finish the discussion on the ideas behind DNS over HTTPS (DoH), and to consider the implications of its widespread adoption. Is it time to bow to our new overlords?
 
This is part two of a two part series. This is a “best of the Hedge” repost.
 

 
download

TNO051: Networks That Do: From Automated to Autonomous Networks with Meter (Sponsored)

Lab: More Complex VXLAN Deployment Scenario

In the first VXLAN lab, we covered the very basics. Now it’s time for a few essential concepts (before introducing the EVPN control plane or integrated routing and bridging):

• Each VXLAN segment could have a different set of VTEPs (used to build the BUM flooding list)
• While the VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) must be unique across the participating VTEPs, you could map different VLAN IDs into a single VNI (allowing you to merge two VLAN segments over VXLAN)
• Neither VXLAN VNI nor VLAN ID has to be globally unique (but it helps to make them unique to remain sane)

AWS Graviton5 Strikes A Different Balance For Server CPUs

Updated: We have obtained new information in the wake of publishing our story. …

AWS Graviton5 Strikes A Different Balance For Server CPUs was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

Cloudflare outage on December 5, 2025

^{Note: This post was updated to clarify the relationship of the internal WAF tool with the incident on Dec. 5.}

On December 5, 2025, at 08:47 UTC (all times in this blog are UTC), a portion of Cloudflare’s network began experiencing significant failures. The incident was resolved at 09:12 (~25 minutes total impact), when all services were fully restored.

A subset of customers were impacted, accounting for approximately 28% of all HTTP traffic served by Cloudflare. Several factors needed to combine for an individual customer to be affected as described below.

The issue was not caused, directly or indirectly, by a cyber attack on Cloudflare’s systems or malicious activity of any kind. Instead, it was triggered by changes being made to our body parsing logic while attempting to detect and mitigate an industry-wide vulnerability disclosed this week in React Server Components.

Any outage of our systems is unacceptable, and we know we have let the Internet down again following the incident on November 18. We will be publishing details next week about the work we are doing to stop these types of incidents from occurring.

The graph below shows HTTP 500 errors served by our network during the Continue reading

N4N044: Redundancy Vs. High Availability Part 2 – HA Networking Isn’t Free

IPB189: RFC 9898 – Neighbor Discovery Considerations in IPv6 Deployments

Technical Writing: Lower Your Expectations

Sean Goedecke published an excellent set of recommendations for good technical writing, including:

• Keep it short
• Try to make your point in the first sentence
• Details matter less than you think.

Based on some emails I received in the past (and the lack of response to the lengthy emails I sent), we should apply the same rules to emails (and all other forms of technical communication).

Lizzo: Suara Pemberdayaan dan Cinta Diri di Dunia Musik

Dunia musik modern diwarnai oleh sosok yang berbeda. Ia adalah Lizzo, seorang penyanyi, rapper, dan flutis berbakat. Namun, ia lebih dari sekadar seorang musisi. Lizzo adalah gerakan. Ia membawa pesan cinta diri dan body positivity ke panggung global. Dengan suara yang kuat dan kepribadian yang membara, ia menginspirasi jutaan orang.

Lahir dengan nama Melissa Viviane Jefferson, ia memulai perjalanannya di Detroit. Kemudian, ia dibesarkan di Houston, Texas. Di sanalah bakat bermusiknya mulai diasah. Ia belajar bermain flute klasik. Awalnya, ia tidak membayangkan akan menjadi bintang pop. Namun, takdir membawanya ke jalan yang luar biasa. Kini, ia menjadi salah satu ikon paling berpengaruh di generasinya.

Perjalanan Menuju Panggung Besar

Karier Lizzo tidak dibangun dalam semalam. Ia melewati banyak tantangan. Setelah kuliah, ia pindah ke Minneapolis untuk mengejar mimpinya. Di sana, ia membentuk beberapa grup musik. Ia juga merilis album pertamanya secara independen pada tahun 2013. Album itu berjudul “Lizzobangers”. Meskipun belum sukses besar, karyanya mulai mendapat perhatian.

Selanjutnya, ia pindah ke Los Angeles. Perpindahan ini menjadi titik balik dalam karirnya. Ia merilis dua Continue reading

With Celestial AI Buy, Marvell Scales Up The Datacenter And Itself

It was only a matter of time before Marvell was going to make another silicon photonics acquisition, and the $2.5 billion sale of its automotive Ethernet business to Infineon for $2.5 billion has given the company this past summer netted out to about half of the $3.25 billion that the company is shelling out to get its hands on Celestial AI, one of the several upstarts that hopes to hook compute engines, memory, and switches together using on-chip optical engines and light pipes. …

With Celestial AI Buy, Marvell Scales Up The Datacenter And Itself was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

With Trainium4, AWS Will Crank Up Everything But The Clocks

The AI model makers of the world have been waiting for more than a year to get their hands on the Trainium3 XPUs, which have been designed explicitly for both training and inference and which present a credible alternative to Nvidia’s “Blackwell” B200 and B300 GPUs as well as Google’s “Trillium” TPU v6e and “Ironwood” TPU v7p accelerators. …

With Trainium4, AWS Will Crank Up Everything But The Clocks was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

HPE Gets The Lead Out On Juniper-Aruba Networking Integration

In June, after a year and a half of poking and prodding, the US Department of Justice finally gave the OK for the $14 billion acquisition of Juniper Networks by Hewlett Packard Enterprise. …

HPE Gets The Lead Out On Juniper-Aruba Networking Integration was written by Jeffrey Burt at The Next Platform.

D2DO288: Technology, Career, and Finding a Purpose with Deana Solis

TCG064: Governing AI Agents for Real-World Infrastructure (Sponsored)

Cloudflare WAF proactively protects against React vulnerability

Cloudflare has deployed a new protection to address a vulnerability in React Server Components (RSC). All Cloudflare customers are automatically protected, including those on free and paid plans, as long as their React application traffic is proxied through the Cloudflare Web Application Firewall (WAF).

Cloudflare Workers are inherently immune to this exploit. React-based applications and frameworks deployed on Workers are not affected by this vulnerability.

We strongly recommend that customers immediately update their systems to the most recent version of React, despite our WAF being designed to detect and prevent this exploit.

Cloudflare has been alerted by its security partners to a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability impacting Next.js, React Router, and other React frameworks (security advisory CVE-2025-55182, rated CVSS 10.0). Specifically, React version 19.0, 19.1, and 19.2, and Next.js from version 15 through 16 were found to insecurely deserialize malicious requests, leading to RCE.

In response, Cloudflare has deployed new rules across its network, with the default action set to Block. These new protections are included in both the Cloudflare Free Managed Ruleset (available to all Free customers) and the standard Cloudflare Managed Ruleset (available to all paying Continue reading