Route Distinguishers and Route Targets
People new to MPLS VPN are often unclear on what functions route distinguishers and route targets serve, and the difference between the two. Let's see if we can clear up some of that confusion. If you could use a refresher on VRF fundamentals, I encourage you to first check out my earlier articles on the topic, Intro to VRF lite and Inter-VRF Routing with VRF Lite.
Route Distinguisher
As you know, VRFs allow IP address space to be reused among isolated routing domains. For example, assume you have to connect to three customer sites, all of which are using 192.168.0.0/24 as their local network. We can assign each customer its own VRF so that the overlapping networks are kept isolated from one another in their respective routing domains.
This works well, but we need a way to keep track of which 192.168.0.0/24 route belongs to which customer. This is where route distinguishers come in. As its name implies, a route distinguisher (RD) distinguishes one set of routes (one VRF) from another. It is a unique number prepended to each route within a VRF to identify it as belonging to that particular VRF or customer. Continue reading
