Comparing IP and CLNP: Finding Adjacent Nodes
Now that we know a bit more about addresses in a networking stack (read the whole series) and why CLNP uses node addresses while TCP/IP uses interface addresses, let’s see how they solve common addressing problems like finding adjacent nodes.
Let’s start with the elephant in the room: how do you know whether you can reach a host you want to communicate with directly? In the following diagram, how does A know whether B is sitting next to it?
Adding ADCS Role to ISE Lab Domain Controller
This post describes how to install Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) onto a domain controller. It’s for labbing purposes which means I’m going to run this all on a single server instead of a more realistic setup with offline root, issuing CA, and possibly intermediate CA. Don’t use this post for anything designed to go into production!
To add the ADCS role. Go to Server Manager, click Add roles and features. Click Next until you get to Server Roles. Select Active Directory Certificate Series:
Click Add Features. Click Next. Click Next. Then a warning is displayed that it’s not possible to change the computer name or domain settings:
Click Next. Select Certification Authority and Certification Authority Web Enrollment:
Selecting Certification Authority Web Enrollment will install IIS and a small web site will be built to provide certificate services.
Click Add Features. Click Next. Click Next. Select Restart the destination server automatically if required:
Click Install. The installation starts:
When the installation has finished, click Close. Click AD CS in Server Manager. Click More… where it says Configuration required for Active Directory Certificate Services:
Click Configure Active Directory Certificate Services on the destination server:
Select an Continue reading
D2DO253: Breaking Into Tech: Job Hunting Realities for Recent Graduates
Job hunting is never easy and on today’s Day Two Cloud, Katrina Janeczko shares her journey from college to her current role at Comcast. Katrina discusses the challenges of job hunting, the relevance of her education, and the impact of AI tools on her learning process. She also talks about the importance of networking, mentorship,... Read more »HW038: From Coax to Fiber: Wi-Fi Evolution in Multiple Dwelling Units (MDUs)
Todd Thorpe is today’s guest on Heavy Wireless joining host Keith Parsons to explain the evolution of Wi-Fi technology in Multiple Dwelling Units (MDUs) like apartments and condos. Todd, with over 20 years of MDU experience, discusses the industry’s transformation from early coax cable services to modern managed Wi-Fi solutions. The challenges of retrofitting older... Read more »NAN076: Innovating Healthcare IT: Automating NetOps at RUSH University Medical Center (Sponsored)
Uzair Khan from RUSH University Medical Center is today’s guest on the Network Automation Nerds podcast. Uzair discusses the complexities of healthcare technology and the critical role of automation in enhancing operational efficiency and patient safety. He provides examples of how Itential’s automation and orchestration products have given his teams the tools they need to... Read more »MUST READ: Egress Peer Engineering
Dmytro Shypovalov wrote a great series of detailed posts on Egress Peer Engineering:
- Poor Man’s Traffic Engineering
- Egress Peer Engineering: Basics
- Egress Peer Engineering: Building Blocks
Have fun!
PP035: What IT Should Know About Securing Industrial Systems
Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) used to stand apart from traditional IT. But those worlds are converging, and IT pros, including infosec teams and network engineers, need to become familiar with the operational challenges and quirks of ICS/OT systems. On today’s Packet Protector, guest Mike Holcomb demystifies ICS and OT for IT... Read more »Meta and Arista Build AI at Scale
We are excited to share that Meta has deployed the Arista 7700R4 Distributed Etherlink Switch (DES) for its latest Ethernet-based AI cluster. It's useful to reflect on how we arrived at this point and the strength of the partnership with Meta.
Analysis of the EPYC 145% performance gain in Cloudflare Gen 12 servers
Cloudflare's network spans more than 330 cities in over 120 countries, serving over 60 million HTTP requests per second and 39 million DNS queries per second on average. These numbers will continue to grow, and at an accelerating pace, as will Cloudflare’s infrastructure to support them. While we can continue to scale out by deploying more servers, it is also paramount for us to develop and deploy more performant and more efficient servers.
At the heart of each server is the processor (central processing unit, or CPU). Even though many aspects of a server rack can be redesigned to improve the cost to serve a request, CPU remains the biggest lever, as it is typically the primary compute resource in a server, and the primary enabler of new technologies.
Cloudflare’s 12th Generation server with AMD EPYC 9684-X (codenamed Genoa-X) is 145% more performant and 63% more efficient. These are big numbers, but where do the performance gains come from? Cloudflare’s hardware system engineering team did a sensitivity analysis on three variants of 4th generation AMD EPYC processor to understand the contributing factors.
For the 4th generation AMD EPYC Processors, AMD offers three architectural variants:
mainstream classic Zen 4 cores, codenamed Continue reading
Meter sets the bar for Network-as-a-Service
TLDR; Keep your eye on Meter, a Network-as-a-Service company with a vision so far in the future that it seems nearly impossible, yet they are actively...
The post Meter sets the bar for Network-as-a-Service appeared first on /overlaid.
Protect against identity-based attacks by sharing Cloudflare user risk scores with Okta
Cloudflare One, our secure access service edge (SASE) platform, is introducing a new integration with Okta, the identity and access management (IAM) vendor, to share risk indicators in real-time and simplify how organizations can dynamically manage their security posture in response to changes across their environments.
For many organizations, it is becoming increasingly challenging and inefficient to adapt to risks across their growing attack surface. In particular, security teams struggle with multiple siloed tools that fail to share risk data effectively with each other, leading to excessive manual effort to extract signals from the noise. To address this complexity, Cloudflare launched risk posture management capabilities earlier this year to make it easier for organizations to accomplish three key jobs on one platform:
Evaluating risk posed by people by using first-party user entity and behavior analytics (UEBA) models
Exchanging risk telemetry with best-in-class security tools, and
Enforcing risk controls based on those dynamic first- and third-party risk scores.
Today’s announcement builds on these capabilities (particularly job #2) and our partnership with Okta by enabling organizations to share Cloudflare’s real-time user risk scores with Okta, which can then automatically enforce policies based on that user’s risk. In this way, organizations can adapt Continue reading
NB499: Juniper Extending AI Umbrella to Security; Should We Regulate AI or AI Outcomes?
Take a Network Break! This week we cover a new Juniper announcement and discuss how the company is bringing its security portfolio under its AI umbrella, Aryaka adding CASB to its SASE menu, and whether the FTC’s prescriptive security requirements for Marriott will actually lead to better security. Cisco invests in a GPU-as-a-Service startup, stealthy... Read more »Adding DHCP Role to ISE Lab Domain Controller
In the previous post, Setting up Active Directory for ISE Lab, we enabled Active Directory Domain Services. The DNS role was also added automatically as part of this process. In this post, we’ll add DHCP to the server.
Go to Server Manager, click Add roles and features. Click Next until you get to Server Roles. Select DHCP Server. This will display a window asking if required services should be installed:
Click Add Features. Click Next until getting to the Confirmation screen. Select Restart the destination server automatically if required. Since this is a lab, it’s OK to restart.
Select Yes. Then Click Install. The installation starts:
After the installation finishes, click Close.
The DHCP role has been added:
Let’s configure two DHCP scopes, one for employees and one for guests. Open the DHCP app, then expand the server and then IPv4. Right click on IPv4 and select New Scope…
This launches the New Scope Wizard:
Give the scope a name and a description:
Click Next. Then configure starting IP, ending IP, and the subnet mask:
Click Next. I’m not adding any exclusions so clicking Next again. Then configure the lease duration, I’m setting it to 1 day instead of Continue reading
HN753: Getting to Know Cisco’s Network Service Orchestrator (NSO)
On today’s episode, guest James Henderson joins the Packet Pushers to discuss Cisco’s Network Service Orchestrator (NSO). NSO’s role in network automation, its declarative management approach, and the challenges it presents are some of the things James shares with the hosts. They also cover operational requirements, deployment challenges, and performance considerations, in addition to discussing... Read more »OCP Global Summit 2024
The talk will share the results and best practices of a TAM (Telemetry and Monitoring) solution being prepared for deployment at eBay. It leverages OCP’s SAI and open sFlow drop notification technologies as part of eBay’s ongoing initiatives to adopt open networking hardware and community SONiC for its data centers.
AI for Network Engineers: Backpropagation Algorithm
Introduction
This chapter introduces the training model of a neural network based on the Backpropagation algorithm. The goal is to provide a clear and solid understanding of the process without delving deeply into the mathematical formulas, while still explaining the fundamental operations of the involved functions. The chapter also briefly explains why, and in which phases the training job generates traffic to the network, and why lossless packet transport is required. The Backpropagation algorithm is composed of two phases: the Forward pass (computation phase) and the Backward pass (adjustment and communication phase).
In the Forward pass, neurons in the first hidden layer calculate the weighted sum of input parameters received from the input layer, which is then passed to the neuron's activation function. Note that neurons in the input layer are not computational units; they simply pass the input variables to the connected neurons in the first hidden layer. The output from the activation function of a neuron is then used as input for the connected neurons in the next layer. The result of the activation function in the output layer represents the model's prediction, which is compared to the expected value (ground truth) using the error function. The output Continue reading
How Do You Get Experience in IT?
A question I often get is, how do you get experience in IT? For people trying to break into this industry, what can they do to gain experience? How can they showcase that experience to a potential employer even if they are applying for their first job? Breaking into a new industry can be the most difficult thing, you lack experience and most of all you probably lack a network. Here are my thoughts on how you can gain that experience.
University studies
The ROI on university studies will vary depending on if you live in a country like me where studies are financed by tax and there is no tuition, or in a country where it can be very costly. That’s not the argument here, university studies can give some things that is difficult to achieve in any other way. I did three years at a university and here’s why I think it’s really valuable.
Time – Having two or three years of dedicated studies is a luxury you won’t have at any other point in your career. You have a full-time job and trying to learn a new discipline on top of that is going to be much Continue reading
Using BGP NO_EXPORT Community to Filter Transit Routes
In previous BGP policy lab exercises, we covered several mechanisms you can use to ensure your autonomous system is not leaking transit routes (because bad things happen when you do, particularly when your upstream ISP is clueless).
As you probably know by now, there’s always more than one way to get something done with BGP. Today, we’ll explore how you can use the NO_EXPORT community to filter transit routes.
Click here to start the lab in your browser using GitHub Codespaces (or set up your own lab infrastructure). After starting the lab environment, change the directory to policy/d-no-export and execute netlab up.