Ultra Ethernet: Congestion Control Context

 Ultra Ethernet Transport (UET) uses a vendor-neutral, sender-specific congestion window–based congestion control mechanism together with flow-based, adjustable entropy-value (EV) load balancing to manage incast, outcast, local, link, and network congestion events. Congestion control in UET is implemented through coordinated sender-side and receiver-side functions to enforce end-to-end congestion control behavior.

On the sender side, UET relies on the Network-Signaled Congestion Control (NSCC) algorithm. Its main purpose is to regulate how quickly packets are transmitted by a Packet Delivery Context (PDC). The sender adapts its transmission window based on round-trip time (RTT) measurements and Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Congestion Experienced (CE) feedback conveyed through acknowledgments from the receiver.

On the receiver side, Receiver Credit-based Congestion Control (RCCC) limits incast pressure by issuing credits to senders. These credits define how much data a sender is permitted to transmit toward the receiver. The receiver also observes ECN-CE markings in incoming packets to detect path congestion. When congestion is detected, the receiver can instruct the sender to change the entropy value, allowing traffic to be steered away from congested paths.

Both sender-side and receiver-side mechanisms ultimately control congestion by limiting the amount of in-flight data, meaning data that has been sent but not yet acknowledged. Continue reading

netlab 26.01: EVPN for VXLAN-over-IPv6, Netscaler

I completely rewrote netlab’s device configuration file generation during the New Year break. netlab Release 26.01 no longer uses Ansible Jinja2 functionality and works with Ansible releases 12/13, which are used solely for configuration deployment. I had to break a few eggs to get there; if you encounter any problems, please open an issue.

Other new features include:

You’ll find more details (and goodies) in the release notes.

Read more …

What we know about Iran’s Internet shutdown

In late December 2025, wide-scale protests erupted across multiple cities in Iran. While these protests were initially fueled by frustration over inflation, food prices, and currency depreciation, they have grown into demonstrations demanding a change in the country’s leadership regime. 

In the last few days, Internet traffic from Iran has effectively dropped to zero. This is evident in the data available in Cloudflare Radar, as we’ll describe in this post. 

Background

The Iranian government has a history of cutting off Internet connectivity when such protests take place. In November 2019, protests erupted following the announcement of a significant increase in fuel prices. In response, the Iranian government implemented an Internet shutdown for more than five days. In September 2022, protests and demonstrations erupted across Iran in response to the death in police custody of Mahsa/Zhina Amini, a 22-year-old woman from the Kurdistan Province of Iran. Internet services were disrupted across multiple network providers in the following days.

Amid the current protests, lower traffic volumes were already observed at the start of the year, indicating potential connectivity issues leading into the more dramatic shutdown that has followed. 

Internet connectivity in Iran plummeted on January 8

Some traffic anomalies Continue reading

Wi-Fi 8 Already?

A picture of the ASUS ROG Wi-Fi 8 AP

The ASUS ROG Wi-Fi 8 AP

Did you see the big news from CES? Wi-Fi 8 is here! Broadcom was talking about it. ASUS rolled out a d20 Wi-Fi 8 AP. MediaTek made sure they had one too. I guess I should probably take down all these Wi-FI 7 APs and just install the new stuff, right?

Nuts and Bolts

Before my favorite people start jumping out there to talk about how the newest iPhone and Samsung Galaxy phones are trash because they don’t support Wi-Fi 8, we need to make sure we’re all on the same page here. The standard behind the Wi-Fi 8 marketing term, 802.11bn, is a proposed working standard. It’s not finalized yet. It’s still in the draft phases, with final standards approval not expected until September 2028.

The focus of 802.11bn is not speed. It’s reliability. When you look at the way that vendors have been pushing more and more throughput for the past several revisions you might ask yourself how much faster things could get. For the eighth release of the Wi-Fi standard the answer is “not any faster.” Wi-Fi 8 is keeping the same speed numbers that Wi-Fi 7 Continue reading

Interface Monitoring in IRP v4.3: Bringing Physical Interface Awareness to Commit Control

interface monitoringCommit Control is a core safety mechanism in the Noction Intelligent Routing Platform (IRP). It governs how routing changes are applied by enforcing bandwidth-related limits, ensuring that traffic shifts toward providers remain controlled and predictable. These limits are essential for protecting networks from sudden overloads and unintended traffic spikes.Historically, Commit Control has relied on configured bandwidth assumptions. While this works well under stable conditions, real networks are rarely static. Physical interfaces may fail, bonded links can lose members, and available capacity may be reduced without immediate operational awareness. In such cases, Commit Control may continue to operate correctly from a configuration perspective, while the underlying physical capacity has already changed.

With IRP v4.3, we introduce Interface Monitoring, a feature that allows Commit Control to continuously align its decisions with the actual state and capacity of provider-facing interfaces.

Why Physical Interface Awareness Matters for Commit Control

Commit Control is designed to answer a critical question: Is it safe to commit a routing change that increases traffic toward this provider?
The answer depends not only on policy and configuration, but also on whether the provider connection can physically handle that traffic.

Physical failures are an unavoidable part of Continue reading

Installing Cisco Nexus Dashboard on Proxmox

Important disclaimerThis guide is intended strictly for lab, testing, and learning purposes. Cisco does not officially support running Nexus Dashboard (ND) on Proxmox.For production deployments, always use Cisco-supported platforms such as VMware ESXi or bare-metal / supported KVM environments. VM Creation on Proxmox Create a new VM in Proxmox with the following characteristics: One critical […]

<p>The post Installing Cisco Nexus Dashboard on Proxmox first appeared on IPNET.</p>

HN809: EVPN All the Things!

It’s been over a decade since the first Packet Pushers podcast on EVPN. Now, guest Jeff McAdams can legitimately suggest that we “EVPN all the things.” Hosts Ethan Banks and Drew Conry-Murray dig into Jeff’s stance on EVPN/VXLAN. They look at how VXLAN and EVPN work; talk about use cases in the data center, the... Read more »

Pushed By GenAI And Front End Upgrades, Ethernet Switching Hits New Highs

But virtue of its scale out capability, which is key for driving the size of absolutely enormous AI clusters, and to its universality, Ethernet switch sales are booming, and if the recent history is any guide, we can expect Ethernet revenues will climb exponentially higher in the coming quarters as well. …

Pushed By GenAI And Front End Upgrades, Ethernet Switching Hits New Highs was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

Key Insights from the 2025 GigaOm Radar for Container Networking

Why Calico was named as a Leader in the GigaOm Radar Report for Container Networking

In 2025, as modern applications became ever more distributed and the use of Kubernetes continued to proliferate, the role of container networking was critical. Today’s enterprises demand networking solutions that can scale, secure, and connect services reliably, whether those services run across multiple clouds, hybrid environments, or on-premises clusters.

We’re proud to share insights from the recently released 2025 GigaOm Radar Report for Container Networking, a comprehensive evaluation of vendor solutions across innovation, platform maturity, and real-world operational capabilities, and to highlight the unique strengths of Calico Cloud and Calico Enterprise as recognized in the report.

What the GigaOm Radar Report on Container Networking Covers

GigaOm’s Radar Report evaluates container networking solutions across a spectrum of criteria that matter most to IT infrastructure teams and cloud architects. These include:

  • Network Policy Definition: Declarative, granular network policies consistently enforced across clusters
  • Routing (Layer 3/Layer 4): Scalable routing between pods, services, and non-container workloads using Layer 3 (IP) and Layer 4 (TCP) protocols
  • Layer 7 Networking: Application-aware traffic handling with visibility using Layer 7 protocols
  • Load Balancing: Controls how traffic is distributed across instances, using latency Continue reading

Negara dengan Kasus Kejahatan Tertinggi di Dunia: Trinidad and Tobago

Ancaman Kriminalitas Tinggi di Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago sering masuk daftar negara dengan kasus kejahatan tertinggi di dunia. Meskipun negara ini indah, tingkat kriminalitasnya terus mengkhawatirkan. Pemerintah bergerak cepat menghadapi masalah ini. Namun, kelompok kriminal semakin nekat. Karena itu, warganya hidup waspada setiap waktu.

Selain itu, kota besar seperti Port of Spain mengalami situasi paling buruk. Pembunuhan, penculikan, serta perampokan sering terjadi. Bahkan, serangan geng mendominasi lingkungan padat penduduk. Obat terlarang juga menjadi penyebab utama meningkatnya konflik antar kelompok. Oleh karena itu, penduduk menginginkan keamanan lebih baik.

Meskipun pariwisata penting, wisatawan tetap berhati-hati. Banyak kasus terjadi dekat lokasi wisata. Sementara itu, polisi terus memperkuat operasi keamanan. Namun, hasilnya belum signifikan. Tindak kejahatan berjalan cepat, karena pelaku semakin berani.

Berikut tabel ringkas situasi kriminal di negara ini:

Jenis Kejahatan Tingkat Kejadian Penyebab Utama
Pembunuhan Sangat tinggi Konflik antar geng
Penculikan Tinggi Pemerasan & kriminal terorganisir
Perampokan Tinggi Kejahatan jalanan
Narkotika Ekstrem Jalur perdagangan internasional

Akar Masalah Kejahatan di Trinidad and Tobago

Masalah kriminalitas ekstrem ini tidak muncul begitu saja. Banyak faktor mempengaruhi peningkatan kekerasan. Pertama, penyelundupan Continue reading

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