Why Do We Accept Bad Wireless Clients?

We recorded a fun roundtable discussion last week during Mobility Field Day that talked about the challenges that wireless architects face in their daily lives. It’s about an hour but it’s packed with great discussions about hard things we deal with:

One of the surprises for me is that all the conversations came back to how terrible wireless clients can be. The discussion kept coming back to how hard it is to find quality clients and how we adjust our expectations for the bad ones.

Driven to Madness

Did you know that 70% of Windows crashes are caused by third-party drivers? That’s Microsoft’s own research saying it. That doesn’t mean that Windows is any better or more stable with their OS design compared to Linux or MacOS. However, I’ve fiddled with drivers on Linux and I can tell you how horrible that experience can be1. Windows is quite tolerant of hardware that wouldn’t work anywhere else. As long as the manufacturer provides a driver you’re going to get something that works most of the time.

Apply that logic to a wireless networking card. You can buy just about anything and install it on your system and it will mostly Continue reading

Assembly within! BPF tail calls on x86 and ARM

Assembly within! BPF tail calls on x86 and ARM
Assembly within! BPF tail calls on x86 and ARM

Early on when we learn to program, we get introduced to the concept of recursion. And that it is handy for computing, among other things, sequences defined in terms of recurrences. Such as the famous Fibonnaci numbers - Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2.

Assembly within! BPF tail calls on x86 and ARM

Later on, perhaps when diving into multithreaded programming, we come to terms with the fact that the stack space for call frames is finite. And that there is an “okay” way and a “cool” way to calculate the Fibonacci numbers using recursion:

// fib_okay.c

#include <stdint.h>

uint64_t fib(uint64_t n)
{
        if (n == 0 || n == 1)
                return 1;

        return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
}

Listing 1. An okay Fibonacci number generator implementation

// fib_cool.c

#include <stdint.h>

static uint64_t fib_tail(uint64_t n, uint64_t a, uint64_t b)
{
    if (n == 0)
        return a;
    if (n == 1)
        return b;

    return fib_tail(n - 1, b, a + b);
}

uint64_t fib(uint64_t n)
{
    return fib_tail(n, 1, 1);
}

Listing 2. A better version of the same

If we take a look at the machine code the compiler produces, the “cool” variant translates to a nice and tight sequence of instructions:

⚠ Continue reading

How SASE might improve worker productivity and make CFOs happy

What justifies network spending?  Two things, according to CIOs.The first is the money to maintain the infrastructure that was justified by projects in the past. The other is money for new projects, and they must deliver benefits large enough to meet the CFO’s target return on investment.The top business justification for any new tech project is productivity improvement. My data says that only about two-thirds of workers in jobs that could be empowered by network improvement have actually been given optimal access to information. In some job classifications, only 40% of workers have been empowered. Mobile workers, ones who regularly operate away from offices, are often empowered only part of the time.To read this article in full, please click here

Weekend Reads 100722


Meta Platforms Inc. Chief Executive Officer Mark Zuckerberg outlined sweeping plans to reorganize teams and reduce headcount for the first time ever, calling an end to an era of rapid growth at the social media giant.


A food delivery drone operated by Alphabet subsidiary Wing landed on overhead power lines in Brisbane, Australia, and caught fire. As a result, the network was shut down by energy firm Energex to respond to the incident, leaving thousands without power.


If you know about DNS, you’ve probably heard of the Time-to-Live (TTL) field. But mistakes with TTL are more common than you might think. Here we look at the quirks of DNS record sets, parent/child domains and how to avoid TTL problems.


While some have given up on Moore’s Law, Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger clearly hasn’t. “For decades now, I’ve been in the debate: is Moore’s Law dead? And the answer is no,” he said, during his keynote at the Intel Innovation event this week.


In this post, we will demonstrate how malicious actors can force UDP DNS answers to fragment so they can inject forged DNS data into DNS resolver caches and highlight what percentage of servers are at risk.


We identify Continue reading

Worth Reading: VXLAN Drops Large Packets

Ian Nightingale published an interesting story of connectivity problems he had in a VXLAN-based campus network. TL&DR: it’s always the MTU (unless it’s DNS or BGP).

The really fun part: even though large L2 segments might have magical properties (according to vendor fluff), there’s no host-to-network communication in transparent bridging, so there’s absolutely no way that the ingress VTEP could tell the host that the packet is too big. In a layer-3 network you have at least a fighting chance…

For more details, watch the Switching, Routing and Bridging part of How Networks Really Work webinar (most of it available with Free Subscription).

Worth Reading: VXLAN Drops Large Packets

Ian Nightingale published an interesting story of connectivity problems he had in a VXLAN-based campus network. TL&DR: it’s always the MTU (unless it’s DNS or BGP).

The really fun part: even though large L2 segments might have magical properties (according to vendor fluff), there’s no host-to-network communication in transparent bridging, so there’s absolutely no way that the ingress VTEP could tell the host that the packet is too big. In a layer-3 network you have at least a fighting chance…

For more details, watch the Switching, Routing and Bridging part of How Networks Really Work webinar (most of it available with Free Subscription).

Heavy Networking 650: Whether And How To Adopt Whitebox Switches

On today’s Heavy Networking podcast, Kevin Myers joins us for a whitebox conversation. Kevin helps Internet Service Providers build their networks, and has noticed increased adoption of whitebox switches. Why? Are the problems whitebox solves for these ISPs the same you might have at your company? Should you consider whitebox instead of Cisco, Juniper, or Arista? Maybe…and maybe not.

Heavy Networking 650: Whether And How To Adopt Whitebox Switches

On today’s Heavy Networking podcast, Kevin Myers joins us for a whitebox conversation. Kevin helps Internet Service Providers build their networks, and has noticed increased adoption of whitebox switches. Why? Are the problems whitebox solves for these ISPs the same you might have at your company? Should you consider whitebox instead of Cisco, Juniper, or Arista? Maybe…and maybe not.

The post Heavy Networking 650: Whether And How To Adopt Whitebox Switches appeared first on Packet Pushers.

Intel details FPGA roadmap

Seven years after its $16.7 billion acquisition of FPGA maker Altera, Intel is expanding the technology it gained into new areas.While the primary use for an FPGA processor has been for smartNICs that offload tasks from server CPUs, Intel is now looking to broaden its application from the data center to remote, edge computing, and embedded systems.It’s not as if the Altera processors languished over the last several years, however. One major change is manufacturing. When Intel purchased Altera, its chips were made by TSMC. Now they are made by Intel, so hopefully that’s one less supply-chain headache to worry about.To read this article in full, please click here

Intel details FPGA roadmap

Seven years after its $16.7 billion acquisition of FPGA maker Altera, Intel is expanding the technology it gained into new areas.While the primary use for an FPGA processor has been for smartNICs that offload tasks from server CPUs, Intel is now looking to broaden its application from the data center to remote, edge computing, and embedded systems.It’s not as if the Altera processors languished over the last several years, however. One major change is manufacturing. When Intel purchased Altera, its chips were made by TSMC. Now they are made by Intel, so hopefully that’s one less supply-chain headache to worry about.To read this article in full, please click here

Announcing: A Completely New and Updated Version of Explain the Cloud Like I’m 10

I've been working hard on a completely updated version of Explain the Cloud Like I'm 10 and I'm happy to announce it's ready!

You can buy version 2.0 at: https://www.amazon.com/Explain-Cloud-Like-Im-10-ebook/dp/B0765C4SNR.

 

If you've already bought, Explain the Cloud Like I'm 10, then you should just be able to update to the new version for free.

What's new? This version has about 2x the material. I go in-depth on:

  • The major cloud providers and all the different platforms for deploying workloads.
  • How to decide between cloud providers.
  • How to switch to the cloud.
  • How to decide if you should switch to the cloud.
  • Cloud economics and how to save money in the cloud.
  • How you can learn more and take your cloud adventure to the next step.
  • And lots more. So much more. 

In version 1 of the book, I didn't cover cloud providers in any detail. Almost all the new content is platform related, so that's fixed. And I say platform rather than cloud provider on purpose.

The biggest change in the book is it is now oriented around the "cloud model" as the ultimate goal for software development, deployment, and use, not just the Continue reading

Cloudflare Pages gets even faster with Early Hints

Cloudflare Pages gets even faster with Early Hints
Cloudflare Pages gets even faster with Early Hints

Last year, we demonstrated what we meant by “lightning fast”, showing Pages' first-class performance in all parts of the world, and today, we’re thrilled to announce an integration that takes this commitment to speed even further – introducing Pages support for Early Hints! Early Hints allow you to unblock the loading of page critical resources, ahead of any slow-to-deliver HTML pages. Early Hints can be used to improve the loading experience for your visitors by significantly reducing key performance metrics such as the largest contentful paint (LCP).

What is Early Hints?

Early Hints is a new feature of the Internet which is supported in Chrome since version 103, and that Cloudflare made generally available for websites using our network. Early Hints supersedes Server Push as a mechanism to "hint" to a browser about critical resources on your page (e.g. fonts, CSS, and above-the-fold images). The browser can immediately start loading these resources before waiting for a full HTML response. This uses time that was otherwise previously wasted! Before Early Hints, no work could be started until the browser received the first byte of the response. Now, the browser can fill this time usefully when it was previously sat Continue reading

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