CNCF Projects Bring Service Mesh Interoperability, Benchmarks

Both the Service Mesh Performance (SMP) projects joined the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) earlier this month at the Sandbox level. Meshery is a multiservice mesh management plane offering lifecycle, configuration, and performance management of service meshes and their workloads, while SMP is a standard for capturing and characterizing the details of infrastructure capacity, service mesh configuration, and workload metadata. When the projects first applied in April for inclusion, the Technical Oversight Committee (TOC) had one clarifying question for them: should they be combined with or aligned in some manner with the Lee Calcote, founder of verifies that, in fact, it is a certain kind of a service mesh,” said Calcote. “So all in one Continue reading

Hedge 92: The IETF isn’t the Standards Police

In most areas of life, where the are standards, there is some kind of enforcing agency. For instance, there are water standards, and there is a water department that enforces these standards. There are electrical standards, and there is an entire infrastructure of organizations that make certain the fewest number of people are electrocuted as possible each year. What about Internet standards? Most people are surprised when they realize there is no such thing as a “standards police” in the Internet.

Listen in as George Michaelson, Evyonne Sharp, Tom Ammon, and Russ White discuss the reality of standards enforcement in the Internet ecosystem.

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LISP – OMP – BGP EVPN Interoperability – Part II: VPNv4 Update from Control Plane to Border-PxTR

 

The previous chapter describes how Edge-xTR-11 used LISP Map-Register message to advertise EID-to-RLOC information to MapServ-22. It also explained how MapSrv-22, as a role of Mapping Server, stores the information into Mapping Data Base. MapSrv-22 is also Map-Resolver. This means that when it receives the LISP Map-Requestmessage from the xTR device, it will respond with a Map-Reply message. If MapSrv-22 knows the EID-to-RLOC mapping, it places this information into the Map-Reply message. If MapSrv-22 doesn’t have mapping information, it instructs requesting xTR to forward traffic to its Proxy-xTR. This, however, is not the case in our example. What we want to do is advertise the EP1 reachability information to Border-PxTR. In order to do that, we need to a) export EID-to-RLOC information from the Mapping Data Base to instance-specific VRF_100 RIB. Then we can advertise it by using BGP and because we want to include virtual network identifier into update we use MP-BGP VPNv4 because there we have Route Target Attribute. The next sections describe the process in detail.

 

Phase 1: Map-Server - RIB Update

 

LISP Map-Server doesn’t install EID-to-RLOC mapping information from the Mapping Database into a RIB by default. To do that we need to export the information from the LISP Mapping DataBase to RIB by using the LISP Instance-specific command route-export site-registrations.  Example 1-6 illustrates the update process. Example 1-7 shows the RIB entry concerning EP1 IP address 172.16.100.10/32 in VRF 100_NWKT. Due to redistribution, the route is shown as directly connected, via Null0. If you take a look at the timestamps in example 1-6 and compare it to timestamps in example 1-3, you will see that the RIB update happens right after the unreliable EID-to-RLOC registration process.

 Complete device configuration can be found in chapter 1 Appendix 1.


Figure 1-10: EID-to-RLOC information from LISP to RIB.

 

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Expanding Cloudflare to 25+ Cities in Brazil

Expanding Cloudflare to 25+ Cities in Brazil
Expanding Cloudflare to 25+ Cities in Brazil

Today, we are excited to announce an expansion we’ve been working on behind the scenes for the last two years: a 25+ city partnership with one of the largest ISPs in Brazil. This is one of the largest simultaneous single-country expansions we’ve done so far.

With this partnership, Brazilians throughout the country will see significant improvement to their Internet experience. Already, the 25th-percentile latency of non-bot traffic (we use that measure as an approximation of physical distance from our servers to end users) has dropped from the mid-20 millisecond range to sub-10 milliseconds. This benefit extends not only to the 25 million Internet properties on our network, but to the entire Internet with Cloudflare services like 1.1.1.1 and WARP. We expect that as we approach 25 cities in Brazil, latency will continue to drop while throughput increases.

Expanding Cloudflare to 25+ Cities in Brazil
25th percentile latency of non-bot traffic in Brazil has more than halved as new cities have gone live.
Expanding Cloudflare to 25+ Cities in Brazil

This partnership is part of our mission to help create a better Internet and the best development experience for all — not just those in major population centers or in Western markets — and we are excited to take this step on Continue reading

Hybrid cloud success: 5 things to forget about, 4 things to remember

OK, let's say you're a CIO who's promoted hybrid cloud computing in your company. Then along came all these news stories that call into question the whole notion of cloud economies. Do you send some covert IT team to block the news from the CFO's computer, or do you deal with it? Hopefully, the latter.I've examined audits of over four-dozen cloud projects, and the good news is that most cloud applications make the business case. The bad news is that a lot, a worrisome lot, don’t. If you want yours to succeed, there are some strategies that will help, in the form of five “forgets” and four “remembers”.To read this article in full, please click here

Cisco CCNA certification explained

The CCNA, which stands for Cisco Certified Network Associate, is Cisco's foundational certification for networking professionals.The CCNA is a commonly required prerequisite for associate-level networking jobs such as network engineer, network administrator, network support technician or help desk technician. There used to be 10 CCNA concentrations, specific to cloud, collaboration, security, data centers, wireless, and other areas. Then, in February of 2020, Cisco combined all of its foundational networking certifications into one comprehensive CCNA certification.To read this article in full, please click here

Infoblox: How DDI Can Help Solve Network Security and Management Ills 

Network connections can be likened to attending an amusement park, where Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), serves as the ticket to enter the park and the domain name system (DNS) is the map around the park. Network management and security provider Infoblox made a name for itself by collapsing those two core pieces into a single platform for enterprises to be able to control where IP addresses are assigned and how they manage network creation and movement. “They control their own DNS so that they can have better control over their traffic,” explained Infoblox: How DDI Can Help Solve Network Security and Management Ills  Also available on Google Podcasts, PlayerFM, Spotify, TuneIn Infoblox’s name for this unified service is DDI, which is

Full Stack Journey 056: Network Automation Progress And Problems

What's the latest with network automation? Where is the industry getting things right, and where is there more work to be done? How is public cloud influencing network automation? Scott Lowe welcomes Ethan Banks to the Full Stack Journey podcast for an update on the state of automation in networking.

The post Full Stack Journey 056: Network Automation Progress And Problems appeared first on Packet Pushers.

DDoS attack trends for 2021 Q2

DDoS attack trends for 2021 Q2
DDoS attack trends for 2021 Q2

Recent weeks have witnessed massive ransomware and ransom DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack campaigns that interrupted aspects of critical infrastructure around the world, including one of the largest petroleum pipeline system operators, and one of the world’s biggest meat processing companies. Earlier this quarter, more than 200 organizations across Belgium, including the government and parliament websites and other services, were also DDoS’d.

And when most of the United States were celebrating Independence Day on July 4, hundreds of US companies were hit by a ransomware attack demanding 70 million USD in Bitcoin. Attackers known to be affiliated with REvil, a Russian ransomware group, exploited multiple previously unknown vulnerabilities in IT management software. The targets included schools, small public-sector bodies, travel and leisure organizations, and credit unions, to name a few. While the threat of ransomware and ransom DDoS is not new (read our posts on ransomware and ransom DDoS from 2021 Q1), the latest attacks on Internet properties ranging from wineries, professional sports teams, ferry services and hospitals has brought them from just being background noise to front page headlines affecting our day-to-day lives. In fact, recent attacks have propelled ransomware and DDoS to the top of US Continue reading

LISP – OMP – BGP EVPN Interoperability – Part I: LISP EID-to-RLOC Registration

I have written a couple of books about Network Virtualization Overlay over Layer 3 (NVO3). My first book was about Datacenter network virtualization based on BGP L2VPN EVPN. After that, I wrote a book about Campus networks based on LISP. In my latest book, I introduced the Cisco SD-WAN solution running OMP in Control-Plane. I wanted to write one more book where I combine these three different NVO3 solutions. I haven’t used pictures in the “About This Book” section in my previous books but now I decided to do that because one picture tells more than 1000 words. The figure below combines these three NVO3 solutions and illustrates what is needed to have IP connectivity between EP1 in the LISP domain and EP2 in the BGP EVPN domain. After reading this book you should be able to understand the processes of how IP reachability information about local hosts are advertised from the LISP domain over the SD-WAN to BGP EVPN domain and another way around. I wanted to keep this complex solution as simple as possible. That is why I didn’t include any redundancy.


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Fun with private Automation Hub – Part 2

In the previous blog post, I provided a brief history on Ansible Content Collections and demonstrated how to upload a Collection to a private Automation Hub. We ended the blog by synchronizing content from Ansible Galaxy and Automation Hub. Today, we will configure Ansible Tower to communicate with private Automation Hub.

"Great things are done by a series of small things brought together." - Vincent Van Gogh on Ansible Collections

A particular type of credential: "Ansible Galaxy/Automation Hub API Token" is what allows Red Hat Ansible Tower to authenticate and connect to private Automation Hub. Logging into Ansible Tower's GUI, in the left frame under ‘Resources’, let's click on 'Credentials,' then 'Create a new credential' . In the spirit of simplicity, we'll use the same names, URLs and so on as they appear in private Automation Hub under 'Repo Management / Local.' The credentials below would be used to connect to the 'published' (our proprietary) Collections. Remember that loading a new token in private Automation Hub will delete your old token.

Creating credentials to connect Ansible Tower directly to 'Automation Hub' or 'Ansible Galaxy' will not be described here, as the scope of this blog is limited to Continue reading

WISP cheat sheet for MPLS/VPLS MTU

A guide for working with MTU and MPLS in a Wireless ISP

MPLS/VPLS MTU math can be complicated and is always a struggle to unravel.

To make it a little easier and put it into a WISP context, I designed this cheat sheet on 8.5 x 11 (to print for those that actually trust printers) and used common WISP equipment like MikroTik routers, Ubnt and Cambium radios with real world MTU values.

The MTU values are displayed in layers to make it easier to see where each value fits.

PDF is here

A starting point

These values are meant to be a starting point by representing the minimum values required for MPLS/VPLS with a single 802.1q VLAN tag.

In general, after going through hundreds of WISP migrations, I’ve found it to be easier to implement the minimum values required when working on a production WISP to identify the effective lowest MTU in the network.

Once the network equipment has been modified and has been running in a stable way on the minimum values, then higher values can be considered and implemented (now that the effective lowest MTU on the network is documented)

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