General availability for WAF Content Scanning for file malware protection

File upload is a common feature in many web applications. Applications may allow users to upload files like images of flood damage to file an insurance claim, PDFs like resumes or cover letters to apply for a job, or other documents like receipts or income statements. However, beneath the convenience lies a potential threat, since allowing unrestricted file uploads can expose the web server and your enterprise network to significant risks related to security, privacy, and compliance.

Cloudflare recently introduced WAF Content Scanning, our in-line malware file detection and prevention solution to stop malicious files from reaching the web server, offering our Enterprise WAF customers an additional line of defense against security threats.

Today, we're pleased to announce that the feature is now generally available. It will be automatically rolled out to existing WAF Content Scanning customers before the end of March 2024.

In this blog post we will share more details about the new version of the feature, what we have improved, and reveal some of the technical challenges we faced while building it. This feature is available to Enterprise WAF customers as an add-on license, contact your account team to get it.

What to expect from the Continue reading

Collect all your cookies in one jar with Page Shield Cookie Monitor

Cookies are small files of information that a web server generates and sends to a web browser. For example, a cookie stored in your browser will let a website know that you are already logged in, so instead of showing you a login page, you would be taken to your account page welcoming you back.

Though cookies are very useful, they are also used for tracking and advertising, sometimes with repercussions for user privacy. Cookies are a core tool, for example, for all advertising networks. To protect users, privacy laws may require website owners to clearly specify what cookies are being used and for what purposes, and, in many cases, to obtain a user's consent before storing those cookies in the user's browser. A key example of this is the ePrivacy Directive.

Herein lies the problem: often website administrators, developers, or compliance team members don’t know what cookies are being used by their website. A common approach for gaining a better understanding of cookie usage is to set up a scanner bot that crawls through each page, collecting cookies along the way. However, many websites requiring authentication or additional security measures do not allow for these scans, or require custom Continue reading

Palo Alto EDL Hosting Service Example (GitHub URLs)

Palo Alto EDL Hosting Service Example (GitHub URLs)

In this short blog post, we'll explore what the EDL (External Dynamic List) hosting service is and how it solves problems for us. An External Dynamic List is a text file that is hosted on an external server so that the firewall can import objects—IP addresses, URLs, domains—included in the list and enforce policy. To enforce policy on the entries included in the external dynamic list, you can reference the list in a security policy.

EDL Hosting Service

The EDL Hosting Service is a list of SaaS application endpoints maintained by Palo Alto. Each Feed URL contains an external dynamic list (EDL) that is checked daily for any new endpoints added to the publicly available Feed URLs published by the SaaS provider. 

When a SaaS provider adds a new endpoint for a SaaS application the corresponding Feed URL is updated. Leveraging the EDL Hosting Service allows for dynamic enforcement of traffic to and from your SaaS application without the need for you to host and maintain your own EDL.

GitHub Example

For an example, imagine you want to let users SSH into GitHub repositories. Without EDL, you'd either risk security by allowing SSH to 'all IP addresses' or manually Continue reading

VPP with Babel – Part 1

VPP

About this series

Ever since I first saw VPP - the Vector Packet Processor - I have been deeply impressed with its performance and versatility. For those of us who have used Cisco IOS/XR devices, like the classic ASR (aggregation services router), VPP will look and feel quite familiar as many of the approaches are shared between the two. Thanks to the [Linux ControlPlane] plugin, higher level control plane software becomes available, that is to say: things like BGP, OSPF, LDP, VRRP and so on become quite natural for VPP.

IPng Networks is a small service provider that has built a network based entirely on open source: [Debian] servers with widely available Intel and Mellanox 10G/25G/100G network cards, paired with [VPP] for the dataplane, and [Bird2] for the controlplane.

As a small provider, I am well aware of the cost of IPv4 address space. Long gone are the times at which an initial allocation was a /19, and subsequent allocations usually a /20 based on justification. Then it watered down to a /22 for new Local Internet Registries, then that became a /24 for new LIRs, and ultimately we ran Continue reading

Automating NetBox with Ansible

Automating NetBox with Ansible

In this post, we're diving into automating NetBox with Ansible. We'll explore how to leverage Ansible's modules to fully automate setting up NetBox. I'll guide you through a simple scenario where we configure a single site, including two racks and several devices, and even detail setting up cabling through a patch panel using Ansible. This approach simplifies the whole process, and I'll make sure it's straightforward for you to follow and apply.

You can clone my repo from GitHub to follow along. I've included everything you see here in the repo, making it easy for you to get hands-on experience.

What we will cover?

  • Why do we need Ansible?
  • Prerequisites
  • Diagram
  • Basic Ansible Playbook
  • Creating Sites, Racks, Devices and Cables

But why do I need Ansible though?

You might be thinking, "Why do I need Ansible? Can't I just set up and use NetBox manually?" Sure, you could if that's what works best for you and your team. But here are my reasons for choosing Ansible (or any other automation tool) over manual configuration:

Firstly, I'm not a fan of clicking through the GUI. It might seem quicker at first, but repeating the same tasks over and over can Continue reading

There Is Still A Place For FPGAs In The Datacenter

By the time that the founders of Achronix, who were all techies from Cornell University, decided to found their own FPGA company twenty years ago, FPGAs had already been in the field for twenty years and the market was dominated by Xilinx (now part of AMD) and Altera (still part of Intel until it gets spun out sometime in the future). …

There Is Still A Place For FPGAs In The Datacenter was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

Magic Cloud Networking simplifies security, connectivity, and management of public clouds

Today we are excited to announce Magic Cloud Networking, supercharged by Cloudflare’s recent acquisition of Nefeli Networks’ innovative technology. These new capabilities to visualize and automate cloud networks will give our customers secure, easy, and seamless connection to public cloud environments.

Public clouds offer organizations a scalable and on-demand IT infrastructure without the overhead and expense of running their own datacenter. Cloud networking is foundational to applications that have been migrated to the cloud, but is difficult to manage without automation software, especially when operating at scale across multiple cloud accounts. Magic Cloud Networking uses familiar concepts to provide a single interface that controls and unifies multiple cloud providers’ native network capabilities to create reliable, cost-effective, and secure cloud networks.

Nefeli’s approach to multi-cloud networking solves the problem of building and operating end-to-end networks within and across public clouds, allowing organizations to securely leverage applications spanning any combination of internal and external resources. Adding Nefeli’s technology will make it easier than ever for our customers to connect and protect their users, private networks and applications.

Why is cloud networking difficult?

Compared with a traditional on-premises data center network, cloud networking promises simplicity:

Linux kernel security tunables everyone should consider adopting

The Linux kernel is the heart of many modern production systems. It decides when any code is allowed to run and which programs/users can access which resources. It manages memory, mediates access to hardware, and does a bulk of work under the hood on behalf of programs running on top. Since the kernel is always involved in any code execution, it is in the best position to protect the system from malicious programs, enforce the desired system security policy, and provide security features for safer production environments.

In this post, we will review some Linux kernel security configurations we use at Cloudflare and how they help to block or minimize a potential system compromise.

Secure boot

When a machine (either a laptop or a server) boots, it goes through several boot stages:

Within a secure boot architecture each stage from the above diagram verifies the integrity of the next stage before passing execution to it, thus forming a so-called secure boot chain. This way “trustworthiness” is extended to every component in the boot chain, because if we verified the code integrity of a particular stage, we can trust this code to verify the integrity of the next stage.

We have Continue reading

Cloudflare treats SASE anxiety for VeloCloud customers

We understand that your VeloCloud deployment may be partially or even fully deployed. You may be experiencing discomfort from SASE anxiety. Symptoms include:

If you’re a VeloCloud customer, we are here to help you with your transition to Magic Continue reading

Eliminate VPN vulnerabilities with Cloudflare One

On January 19, 2024, the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued Emergency Directive 24-01: Mitigate Ivanti Connect Secure and Ivanti Policy Secure Vulnerabilities. CISA has the authority to issue emergency directives in response to a known or reasonably suspected information security threat, vulnerability, or incident. U.S. Federal agencies are required to comply with these directives.

Federal agencies were directed to apply a mitigation against two recently discovered vulnerabilities; the mitigation was to be applied within three days. Further monitoring by CISA revealed that threat actors were continuing to exploit the vulnerabilities and had developed some workarounds to earlier mitigations and detection methods. On January 31, CISA issued Supplemental Direction V1 to the Emergency Directive instructing agencies to immediately disconnect all instances of Ivanti Connect Secure and Ivanti Policy Secure products from agency networks and perform several actions before bringing the products back into service.

This blog post will explore the threat actor’s tactics, discuss the high-value nature of the targeted products, and show how Cloudflare’s Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) platform protects against such threats.

As a side note and showing the value of layered protections, Cloudflare’s WAF had proactively detected the Ivanti zero-day vulnerabilities and deployed emergency Continue reading

Simplifying how enterprises connect to Cloudflare with Express Cloudflare Network Interconnect

We’re excited to announce the largest update to Cloudflare Network Interconnect (CNI) since its launch, and because we’re making CNIs faster and easier to deploy, we’re calling this Express CNI. At the most basic level, CNI is a cable between a customer’s network router and Cloudflare, which facilitates the direct exchange of information between networks instead of via the Internet. CNIs are fast, secure, and reliable, and have connected customer networks directly to Cloudflare for years. We’ve been listening to how we can improve the CNI experience, and today we are sharing more information about how we’re making it faster and easier to order CNIs, and connect them to Magic Transit and Magic WAN.

Interconnection services and what to consider

Interconnection services provide a private connection that allows you to connect your networks to other networks like the Internet, cloud service providers, and other businesses directly. This private connection benefits from improved connectivity versus going over the Internet and reduced exposure to common threats like Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.

Cost is an important consideration when evaluating any vendor for interconnection services. The cost of an interconnection is typically comprised of a fixed port fee, based on the Continue reading

Zero Trust WARP: tunneling with a MASQUE

Slipping on the MASQUE

In June 2023, we told you that we were building a new protocol, MASQUE, into WARP. MASQUE is a fascinating protocol that extends the capabilities of HTTP/3 and leverages the unique properties of the QUIC transport protocol to efficiently proxy IP and UDP traffic without sacrificing performance or privacy

At the same time, we’ve seen a rising demand from Zero Trust customers for features and solutions that only MASQUE can deliver. All customers want WARP traffic to look like HTTPS to avoid detection and blocking by firewalls, while a significant number of customers also require FIPS-compliant encryption. We have something good here, and it’s been proven elsewhere (more on that below), so we are building MASQUE into Zero Trust WARP and will be making it available to all of our Zero Trust customers — at WARP speed!

This blog post highlights some of the key benefits our Cloudflare One customers will realize with MASQUE.

Before the MASQUE

Cloudflare is on a mission to help build a better Internet. And it is a journey we’ve been on with our device client and WARP for almost five years. The precursor to WARP was the 2018 launch of Continue reading

Multiline Expressions in Ansible Playbooks

Another week, another Ansible quirk 🤷‍♂️ Imagine you have a long Jinja2 expression, and you want to wrap it into multiple lines to improve readability. Using multiline YAML format seems to be the ideal choice:

---
- name: Test playbook
  hosts: localhost
  tasks:
  - set_fact:
      a: >
        {{ 123 == 345 or
           123 > 345 }}

It works every time 50% of the time (this time depending on your Ansible version).

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