Hedge 163: Netops, Mapping, and Working Hard

It’s one of those episodes where Tom, Eyvonne, and Russ just sit around and talk about the news of the day. We cover three topics in this show. The first is Netops, automation, and where this is all going. The second is on the FCC mapping process and the reality of broadband in the US. The third—perhaps a little controversial—is about IT work habits, innovation, and adding value.

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Calico Open Source 2022 highlights

2022 has been a year full of new releases, new events, and new projects for Open Source Calico. Let’s take a look at Project Calico’s 2022 highlights and see if you’ve missed any exciting news.

New version releases

Project Calico is maintained by Tigera’s engineering team who are dedicated to adding new features, fixing bugs, and improving the user experience. Based on the feedback and support our team has received from the community, they have successfully released three new versions of Calico in the past year: v3.22, v3.23, and v3.24.

V3.22 (January 28th 2022)

  • Project Calico is now only a single directory, making it easier for contributors to add their changes
  • Ability to convert Kubernetes NetworkPolicy objects into Calico NetworkPolicies

V3.23 (May 9th 2022)

  • Added IPv6 VXLAN support
  • Added VPP dataplane beta
  • Added Calico networking support in AKS
  • BGP enhancements
  • Added container storage interface (CSI) support
  • Added Windows HostProcess containers support (tech preview)

V3.24 (August 18th 2022)

  • Added IPv6 WireGuard support
  • Added IPAM API enhancements
  • More operator installation configuration options
  • Added ability to split IP pools
  • Transitioned from pod security policies to pod security standards

Calico education and training

The newest addition to our Continue reading

Azure Networking Fundamentals: Internet Access with VM-Specific Public IP

Comment: Here is a part of the introduction section of the Third chapter of my Azure Networking Fundamentals book. I will also publish other chapters' introduction sections soon so you can see if the book is for you. The book is available at Leanpub and Amazon (links on the right pane).

In chapter two, we created a VM vm-Bastion and associated a Public IP address to its attached NIC vm-bastion154. The Public IP addresses associated with VM’s NIC are called Instance Level Public IP (ILPIP). Then we added a security rule to the existing NSG vm-Bastion-nsg, which allows an inbound SSH connection from the external host. Besides, we created VMs vm-front-1 and vm-Back-1 without public IP address association. However, these two VMs have an egress Internet connection because Azure assigns Outbound Access IP (OPIP) addresses for VMs for which we haven’t allocated an ILPIP (vm-Front-1: 20.240.48.199 and vm-Back-1-20.240.41.145). The Azure portal does not list these IP addresses in the Azure portal VM view. Note that neither user-defined nor Azure-allocated Public IP addresses are not configured as NIC addresses. Instead, Azure adds them as a One-to-One entry to the NAT table (chapter 15 introduces a Continue reading

Writing An IETF Draft: Formatting, Authorship, And Submissions

This series started by discussing the history of the IETF and some of the tools you might use to build submissions to the IETF process. This, the second, post, will consider document formatting and two of the (sometimes) more difficult sections of an IETF draft to fill in. Formatting Just using one of the acceptable […]

The post Writing An IETF Draft: Formatting, Authorship, And Submissions appeared first on Packet Pushers.

Navigating the changing data localization landscape with Cloudflare’s Data Localization Suite

Navigating the changing data localization landscape with Cloudflare’s Data Localization Suite

This post is also available in Português.

Navigating the changing data localization landscape with Cloudflare’s Data Localization Suite

At Cloudflare, we believe that deploying effective cybersecurity measures is the best way to protect the privacy of personal information and can be more effective than making sure that information stays within a particular jurisdiction. Yet, we hear from customers in Europe, India, Australia, Japan, and many other regions that, as part of their privacy programs, they need solutions to localize data in order to meet their regulatory obligations.

So as we think about Data Privacy Day, which is coming up on January 28, we are in the interesting position of disagreeing with those who believe that data localization is a proxy for better data privacy, but of also wanting to support our customers who have to comply with certain regulations.

For this reason, we introduced our Data Localization Suite (DLS) in 2020 to help customers navigate a data protection landscape that focuses more and more on data localization. With the DLS, customers can use Cloudflare’s powerful global network and security measures to protect their businesses, while keeping the data we process on their behalf local. Since its launch, we’ve had many customers adopt the Data Localization Suite. In this blog post we Continue reading

The Zen of Ansible

[This blog post is based on my presentation at AnsibleFest 2022 in Chicago and virtually.]

Recently, a suggestion was made to adopt Tim Peters’ “The Zen of Python”  as an overall guiding principle for designing good automation content. That gave me pause because it didn’t seem like the right thing to me. While there is definitely some very good advice to “The Zen of Python” that can be applied to Ansible content, adopting it in its entirety would not provide the best user experience that Ansible is capable of and known for. Its presence as a guiding principle for content design gives the wrong impression and re-enforces a mindset we don't want to recommend.

This got me thinking, what is “the zen” of Ansible?

I considered the spirit of “The Zen of Python” and then I returned to the Ansible best practices talk that I first co-presented back in 2016 at Red Hat Summit and later touched upon here in this blog. In that talk, I said that Ansible was designed with a philosophy of sorts from the very beginning.

“The Ansible way” is to provide an automation tool that is simple, powerful and agentless. Ansible enables users with Continue reading

Hiding Malicious Packets Behind LLC SNAP Header

A random tweet1 pointed me to Vulnerability Note VU#855201 that documents four vulnerabilities exploiting a weird combination of LLC and VLAN headers can bypass layer-2 security on most network devices.

Before anyone starts jumping up and down – even though the VLAN header is mentioned, this is NOT VLAN hopping.

The security researcher who found the vulnerability also provided an excellent in-depth description focused on the way operating systems like Linux and Windows handle LLC-encapsulated IP packets. Here’s the CliffNotes version focused more on the hardware switches. Even though I tried to keep it simple, you might want to read the History of Ethernet Encapsulation before moving on.

Hiding Malicious Packets Behind LLC SNAP Header

A random tweet1 pointed me to Vulnerability Note VU#855201 that documents four vulnerabilities exploiting a weird combination of LLC and VLAN headers can bypass layer-2 security on most network devices.

Before anyone starts jumping up and down – even though the VLAN header is mentioned, this is NOT VLAN hopping.

The security researcher who found the vulnerability also provided an excellent in-depth description focused on the way operating systems like Linux and Windows handle LLC-encapsulated IP packets. Here’s the CliffNotes version focused more on the hardware switches. Even though I tried to keep it simple, you might want to read the History of Ethernet Encapsulation before moving on.

Juniper targets data-center automation with Apstra update

Juniper Networks is releasing a new version of its Apstra intent-based networking software that includes more extensive configuration capabilities, additional multivendor hardware and software support, and improved environmental analytics.Apstra keeps a real-time repository of configuration, telemetry and validation information to ensure a network is doing what the enterprise wants it to do. Companies can use Apstra's automation capabilities to deliver consistent network and security policies for workloads across physical and virtual infrastructures.In addition, Apstra performs regular network checks to safeguard configurations. It's hardware agnostic, so it can be integrated to work with Juniper’s networking products as well as boxes from Cisco, Arista, Dell, Microsoft and Nvidia.To read this article in full, please click here

Juniper targets data-center automation with Apstra update

Juniper Networks is releasing a new version of its Apstra intent-based networking software that includes more extensive configuration capabilities, additional multivendor hardware and software support, and improved environmental analytics.Apstra keeps a real-time repository of configuration, telemetry and validation information to ensure a network is doing what the enterprise wants it to do. Companies can use Apstra's automation capabilities to deliver consistent network and security policies for workloads across physical and virtual infrastructures.In addition, Apstra performs regular network checks to safeguard configurations. It's hardware agnostic, so it can be integrated to work with Juniper’s networking products as well as boxes from Cisco, Arista, Dell, Microsoft and Nvidia.To read this article in full, please click here

I’m still bitter about Slammer

Today is the 20th anniversary of the Slammer worm. I'm still angry over it, so I thought I'd write up my anger. This post will be of interest to nobody, it's just me venting my bitterness and get off my lawn!!


Back in the day, I wrote "BlackICE", an intrusion detection and prevention system that ran as both a desktop version and a network appliance. Most cybersec people from that time remember it as the desktop version, but the bulk of our sales came from the network appliance.

The network appliance competed against other IDSs at the time, such as Snort, an open-source product. For much the cybersec industry, IDS was Snort -- they had no knowledge of how intrusion-detection would work other than this product, because it was open-source.

My intrusion-detection technology was radically different. The thing that makes me angry is that I couldn't explain the differences to the community because they weren't technical enough.

When Slammer hit, Snort and Snort-like products failed. Mine succeeded extremely well. Yet, I didn't get the credit for this.


The first difference is that I used a custom poll-mode driver instead of interrupts. This the now the norm in the industry, such Continue reading

Azure Went Dark

And down went all Microsoft 365 services around the world. One popular argument against putting your business trust in the cloud is that if your hyper-cloud provider goes down, so does your business. Well, on the early U.S. East coast morning, it happened. Microsoft Azure went down and along with it went Microsoft 365, Exchange Online, Outlook, SharePoint Online, OneDrive for Business, GitHub, Microsoft Authenticator, and Teams. In short, pretty much everything running on Azure went boom. issues impacting multiple Microsoft 365 services.” Of course, by that time, users were already screaming. As one Reddit user on the sysadmin subreddit, wrote, “rolled back a network change that we believe is causing impact. We’re monitoring the service as the rollback takes effect.” By 9:31 a.m., Microsoft said the disaster was over. “We’ve confirmed that

Kicking Up AI, Data Analytics, And Networking A Notch Or Two

Sponsored Feature: With each new successive generation of Intel® Xeon® Scalable processors, more and more of the workloads that might be otherwise offloaded to discrete accelerators or SmartNICs have been pulled back onto the processor socket – and often in a way that does not burden the CPU cores with running routines and algorithms implemented in software.

Kicking Up AI, Data Analytics, And Networking A Notch Or Two was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.