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Stuff The Internet Says On Scalability For July 11th, 2022

Never fear, HighScalability is here!

My Stuff:

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Number Stuff:

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Understanding OSPF Router ID (RID) Assignment

This post originally appeared on the Packet Pushers’ Ignition site on March 24, 2020. In both OSPFv2 (IPv4) and OSPFv3 (IPv6), the router ID (RID) is a 32-bit number assigned to the router. The RID must be unique within the OSPF network, as a RID provides a point of origin for link state advertisements (LSAs). […]

The post Understanding OSPF Router ID (RID) Assignment appeared first on Packet Pushers.

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Terraforming clouds with Ansible

 

The wheel was invented in the 4th millennium BC. Now, in the 4th millennium, I am sure the wheel was the hottest thing on the block, and only the most popular Neolithic cool cats had wheels. Fast forward to the present day, and we can all agree that the wheel is nothing really to write home about. It is part of our daily lives. The wheel is not sexy. If we want the wheel to become sexy again we just need to slap a sports car together with all the latest gadgets and flux capacitors in a nice Ansible red, and voilà! We have something we want to talk about. 

Like the sports car, Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform has the same ability to turn existing resources into something a bit more intriguing. It can enhance toolsets and extend them further into an automation workflow. 

Let's take Terraform. Terraform is a tool used often for infrastructure-as-code. It is a great tool to use when provisioning infrastructure in a repeatable way across multiple large public cloud providers like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Many organizations use Terraform for quick infrastructure provisioning every Continue reading

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Introducing Location-Aware DDoS Protection

We’re thrilled to introduce Cloudflare’s Location-Aware DDoS Protection.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are cyber attacks that aim to make your Internet property unavailable by flooding it with more traffic than it can handle. For this reason, attackers usually aim to generate as much attack traffic as they can — from as many locations as they can. With Location-Aware DDoS Protection, we take this distributed characteristic of the attack, that is thought of being advantageous for the attacker, and turn it on its back — making it into a disadvantage.

Location-Aware DDoS Protection is now available in beta for Cloudflare Enterprise customers that are subscribed to the Advanced DDoS service.

Distributed attacks lose their edge

Cloudflare’s Location-Aware DDoS Protection takes the attacker’s advantage and uses it against them. By learning where your traffic comes from, the system becomes location-aware and constantly asks “Does it make sense for your website?” when seeing new traffic.

For example, if you operate an e-commerce website that mostly serves the German consumer, then most of your traffic would most likely originate from within Germany, some from neighboring European countries, and a decreasing amount as we expand globally to other countries and geographies. If Continue reading

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STMicroelectronics and Global Foundries to build new chip plant in France

Chipmakers STMicroelectronics (STM) and GlobalFoundries (GF) have announced plans to build a jointly operated 300mm semiconductor wafer manufacturing facility in France.According to a statement on STM’s website, STM and GF will receive “significant financial support” from the French government to fund the project. The announcement forms part of French president Emmanuel Macron’s efforts to attract more foreign investors to the country.To read this article in full, please click here

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pygnmi 14. Using skip-verify for self-signed certificates

Hello my friend,

lab testing is one of the crucial parts of any new technology introduction. At the same time, we know that in labs we typically have a lower security requirements. For example, we use SSL certificates, but we don’t have proper PKI and, therefore, certificates are self-signed.

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No part of this blogpost could be reproduced, stored in a 

retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any 

means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, 

or otherwise, for commercial purposes without the 

prior permission of the author.

Is GNMI a Good Interface for Network Automation?

Yes, it is. GNMI is one of the most recent interfaces created for the management plane, which allows you to manage the network devices (i.e., retrieve configuration and operational data, modify configuration) and collect the streaming or event-driven telemetry. Sounds like one-size-fits-all, isn’t it? On top of that, GNMI supports also different transport channels (i.e., encrypted and non-encrypted), which makes it suitable both for lab testing and for production environment. You may feel that we are biased to gNMI, and you are right. Actually, that is a reason why we created pyGNMI library, Open Continue reading

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Juniper Apstra Part II – Building a data center rack

In this post, we’ll start designing the building blocks for our data center deployment with Juniper Apstra. We’ll look at how to design a rack.

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A look at QUIC Use

QUIC as recently been standardized by the IETF and is now in the initial stages of deployment. Let's take a look at the current state of the use of QUIC in today's Internet.

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EVPN-VXLAN Explainer 6 – Symmetrical IRB

Now let's continue our look at routing with EVPN-VXLAN as we focus on symmetrical IRB.

This post is essentially building upon a lot of what we covered in the previous post. So, if you haven't read that yet, please do, then meet me back here. This post will make a lot more sense if you do.

🔬 Symmetrical IRB in Detail

While symmetrical and asymmetrical IRB have the same functional outcome; to route inter-subnet traffic, there are a number of major differences in the requirements and configuration of each.
Most notably, symmetrical IRB frees us from the requirement to configure all VLANs & L2VNIs on all VTEPs.

Here's an overview of the features and components that we'll be covering:

Symmetrical IRB Architecture Notes

• Symmetrical IRB offers a more scalable approach to routing VXLAN traffic because VTEPs are not required to have knowledge of all destination clients, they do not need to hold an ARP cache entry for a destination, unlike asymmetrical IRB.
• VTEPs are only configured with the VLANs, subnets and VNIs that host locally connected clients.
• To ensure successful end-to-end connectivity for inter-subnet traffic, a number of new requirements and features are deployed with symmetrical IRB:
  • A L3VNI for Continue reading

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Getting Tough with Cyberinsurance

I’ve been hearing a lot of claims recently about how companies are starting to rely more and more on cyberinsurance policies to cover them in the event of a breach or other form of disaster. While I’m a fan of insurance policies in general I think the companies trying to rely on these payouts to avoid doing any real security work is going to be a big surprise to them in the future.

Due Diligence

The first issue that I see is that companies are so worried about getting breached that they think taking out big insurance policies are the key to avoiding any big liability. Think about an organization that holds personally identifiable information (PII) and how likely it is that they would get sued in the event of a breach. The idea is that cyberinsurance would pay out for the breach and be used as a way to pay off the damages in a lawsuit.

The issue I have with this is that companies are expecting to get paid. They see cyberinsurance as a guaranteed payout instead of a last resort. In the initial days of taking out these big policies the insurers were happy to pay out Continue reading

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NIST’s pleasant post-quantum surprise

On Tuesday, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced which post-quantum cryptography they will standardize. We were already drafting this post with an educated guess on the choice NIST would make. We almost got it right, except for a single choice we didn’t expect—and which changes everything.

At Cloudflare, post-quantum cryptography is a topic close to our heart, as the future of a secure and private Internet is on the line. We have been working towards this day for many years, by implementing post-quantum cryptography, contributing to standards, and testing post-quantum cryptography in practice, and we are excited to share our perspective.

In this long blog post, we explain how we got here, what NIST chose to standardize, what it will mean for the Internet, and what you need to know to get started with your own post-quantum preparations.

How we got here

Shor’s algorithm

Our story starts in 1994, when mathematician Peter Shor discovered a marvelous algorithm that efficiently factors numbers and computes discrete logarithms. With it, you can break nearly all public-key cryptography deployed today, including RSA and elliptic curve cryptography. Luckily, Shor’s algorithm doesn’t run on just any computer: it needs Continue reading

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Cloudflare’s view of the Rogers Communications outage in Canada

(Check for the latest updates at the end of this blog: Internet traffic started to come back at around July 9, 01:00 UTC, after 17 hours)

An outage at one of the largest ISPs in Canada, Rogers Communications, started earlier today, July 8, 2022, and is ongoing (eight hours and counting), and is impacting businesses and consumers. At the time of writing, we are seeing a very small amount of traffic from Rogers, but we are only seeing residual traffic, and nothing close to a full recovery to normal traffic levels.

Based on what we’re seeing and similar incidents in the past, we believe this is likely to be an internal error, not a cyber attack.

Cloudflare Radar shows a near complete loss of traffic from Rogers ASN, AS812, that started around 08:45 UTC (all times in this blog are UTC).

What happened?

Cloudflare data shows that there was a clear spike in BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) updates after 08:15, reaching its peak at 08:45.

BGP is a mechanism to exchange routing information between networks on the Internet. The big routers that make the Internet work have huge, constantly updated lists of the possible routes that can be Continue reading

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Now Comes The Hard Part, AMD: Software

From the moment the first rumors surfaced that AMD was thinking about acquiring FPGA maker Xilinx, we thought this deal was as much about software as it was about hardware. …

Now Comes The Hard Part, AMD: Software was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

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Special: Heavy Strategy Ep27 Broadcom And VMware – What’s Gonna Happen?

Heavy Strategy is a new podcast from Packet Pushers. We look at the strategy and business of IT Infrastrucrure in two-sided debate format. We believe that the questions are more important than the answers since its all your responsibility anyway.

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Special: Heavy Strategy Ep27 Broadcom And VMware – What’s Gonna Happen?

Heavy Strategy is a new podcast from Packet Pushers. We look at the strategy and business of IT Infrastrucrure in two-sided debate format. We believe that the questions are more important than the answers since its all your responsibility anyway.

The post Special: Heavy Strategy Ep27 Broadcom And VMware – What’s Gonna Happen? appeared first on Packet Pushers.

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Formatted CLI Data Is Not Good Enough For Automation

If you're learning to interact with Infrastructure as Code (IaC), you'll need to get accustomed to structured data, which is different from formatted data you're likely accuomsted to with the CLI. Here's some examples of structured data to help you understand the difference.

The post Formatted CLI Data Is Not Good Enough For Automation appeared first on Packet Pushers.

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Weekend Reads 070822

We kick off this edition of the weekend reads with a few articles on security. Misconfigured cloud storage buckets and a failure to implement good password practices are, as always, a major source of security issues.

We found that only 15 websites were following best practices. The remaining 105 either leave users at risk for password compromise or frustrated from being unable to use a sufficiently strong password (or both).

A misconfigured Amazon S3 bucket resulted in 3TB of airport data (more than 1.5 million files) being publicly accessible, open, and without an authentication requirement for access, highlighting the dangers of unsecured cloud infrastructure within the travel sector.

An unlucky fat-fingering precipitated the current crisis: The client had accidentally deleted the private key needed to sign new firmware updates.

Another study showing the importance of DNS abuse in spreading malware.

In April, I participated in the panel session ‘Real Life Perspectives on Regional DNS Abuse in APAC’ at the APAC DNS Forum 2022, during which I and my fellow panellists shared examples of DNS incidents that we’ve seen in the Asia Pacific region and how we, as a community, can improve how we mitigate these threats.

Another reminder that Continue reading

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Network Programmability and Automation, Second Edition

In late 2015, I was lucky enough to be part of a small crew of authors who launched a new book project targeting “next-generation network engineering skills.” That book, Network Programmability and Automation, was published by O’Reilly and has garnered praise and accolades for tackling head-on the topics that network engineers should consider mastering as the field of network engineering continues to grow and evolve. I was excited about that announcement, and I’m even more excited to announce that the early release of the second edition of Network Programmability and Automation is now available!

The original team of authors—Jason Edelman, Matt Oswalt, and myself—are joined this time around by Christian Adell. Christian works with Jason at Network to Code, and it has been a tremendous pleasure to get to know Christian (a little bit, at least!) as part of this project so far. I am impressed with his knowledge and experience, and I think it really adds to the book. Jason and Matt, of course, need no introductions; they are both industry leaders and are well-known in the network automation space.

Check out Jason and Christian’s announcement blog post here.

I am, once again, humbled and honored Continue reading

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Big Memory: The Evolution of New Memory Infrastructure

The time has come for enterprise technologists to begin planning infrastructure refreshes around a composable, data-centric, big memory architecture.

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Automatic Signed Exchanges may dramatically boost your site visitor numbers

It’s been about nine months since Cloudflare announced support for Signed Exchanges (SXG), a web platform specification to deterministically verify the cached version of a website and enable third parties such as search engines and news aggregators to serve it much faster than the origin ever could.

Giving Internet users fast load times, even on slow connections in remote parts of the globe, is to help build a better Internet (our mission!) and we couldn’t be more excited about the potential of SXG.
Signed Exchanges drive quite impressive benefits in terms of performance improvements. Google’s experiments have shown an average 300ms to 400ms reduction in Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) from SXG-enabled prefetches.  And speeding up your website usually results in a significant bounce rate reduction and improved SEO.

faster websites= better SEO and lower bounce rates

And if setting up and maintaining SXGs through the open source toolkit is a complex yet very valuable endeavor, with Cloudflare’s Automatic Signed Exchanges it becomes a no-brainer. Just enable it with one click and see for yourself.

Our own measurements

Now that Signed Exchanges have been available on Chromium for Android for several months we dove into the change in performance Continue reading