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One of the designs I’ve been encountering a lot of recently is a “collapsed spine” data center network, as shown in the illustration below.

In this design, and B are spine routers, while C-F are top of rack switches. The terminology is important here, because C-F are just switches—they don’t route packets. When G sends a packet to H, the packet is switched by C to A, which then routes the packet towards F, which then switches the packet towards H. C and F do not perform an IP lookup, just a MAC address lookup. A and B are responsible for setting the correct next hop MAC address to forward packets through F to H.
What are the positive aspects of this design? Primarily that all processing is handled on the two spine routers—the top of rack switches don’t need to keep any sort of routing table, nor do any IP lookups. This means you can use very inexpensive devices for your ToR. In brownfield deployments, so long as the existing ToR devices can switch based on MAC addresses, existing hardware can be used.
This design also centralizes almost all aspects of network configuration and management on the spine routers. Continue reading