EIGRP vs OSPF 11 Important Differences between them!

In this post, we will compare EIGRP and OSPF. We will look at some of the important aspects when we compare EIGRP vs OSPF. From scalability, standardization, working on different topologies and many aspects will be compared in this most detailed comparison blog post on the Internet.

 

EIGRP vs OSPF

 

We prepared the above comparison chart for EIGRP vs OSPF comparison. We will look at some of those important Comparison criteria from a design point of view.

EIGRP vs OSPF Scalability

OSPF supports two layers of Hiearchicy. OSPF Backbone areas and OSPF Non-backbone areas. EIGRP on the other side supports as many as you want. You can summarize EIGRP prefixes at every hop. This capability provides a scale advantage to EIGRP. In EIGRP, we don’t need an ABR node for summarization for example.

EIGRP vs OSPF in Full Mesh, Ring and Hub and Spoke Topologies

The full mesh may require a lot of logical connections, OSPF with Mesh-group feature can scale but it can be a scaling problem for the EIGRP networks. If we think that in real-life networks, EIGRP is usually used in Hub and Spoke topologies most of the time, expecting EIGRP to run on Full-mesh topologies is not Continue reading

BGP vs OSPF 10 Important differences between them!

In this post, we will compare BGP and OSPF. We will look at some of the important aspects when we compare BGP vs OSPF. Although OSPF is used as an IGP and BGP is used mainly as an External routing protocol, we will compare from many different design aspects. Also, BGP can be used as an Internal IGP protocol as well and we will take that into consideration as well.

BGP vs OSPF

 

We prepared the above comparison chart for BGP vs OSPF comparison. We will look at some of those important Comparison criteria from a design point of view.

BGP vs OSPF Scalability

One of the biggest reasons we choose BGP, not OSPF is Scalability. BGP is used as a Global Internet routing protocol and as of 2022, the Global routing table size for IPv4 unicast prefixes is around 900 000. So almost a million prefixes we carry over BGP on the Internet.

So, proven scalability for BGP we can say. OSPF usually can carry only a couple of thousands of prefixes, this is one of the reasons, OSPF is used as an Internal dynamic routing protocol, not over the Internet.

BGP vs OSPF in Full Mesh, Ring and Hub and Continue reading

PIPEFAIL: How a missing shell option slowed Cloudflare down

PIPEFAIL: How a missing shell option slowed Cloudflare down
PIPEFAIL: How a missing shell option slowed Cloudflare down

At Cloudflare, we’re used to being the fastest in the world. However, for approximately 30 minutes last December, Cloudflare was slow. Between 20:10 and 20:40 UTC on December 16, web requests served by Cloudflare were artificially delayed by up to five seconds before being processed. This post tells the story of how a missing shell option called “pipefail” slowed Cloudflare down.

Background

Before we can tell this story, we need to introduce you to some of its characters.

PIPEFAIL: How a missing shell option slowed Cloudflare down

Cloudflare’s Front Line protects millions of users from some of the largest attacks ever recorded. This protection is orchestrated by a sidecar service called dosd, which analyzes traffic and looks for attacks. When dosd detects an attack, it provides Front Line with a list of attack fingerprints that describe how Front Line can match and block the attack traffic.

Instances of dosd run on every Cloudflare server, and they communicate with each other using a peer-to-peer mesh to identify malicious traffic patterns. This decentralized design allows dosd to perform analysis with much higher fidelity than is possible with a centralized system, but its scale also imposes some strict performance requirements. To meet these requirements, we need to provide dosd with very Continue reading

Cisco BGP Weight Attribute 3 Things you must know!

BGP Weight Attribute is used in Cisco routers. In this post, with the below topology, we will look at why the BGP weight attribute is used, why it BGP weight shouldn’t be used, advantages and disadvantages of the BGP weight attribute.

Cisco BGP Weight Attribute

Let’s first define what is BGP Weight attribute. BGP selects the best path based on the BGP path attributes. Weight is considered a very important tie-breaker in BGP’s best-path selection.

When there are two paths to any BGP destination prefix, the BGP Weight attribute is compared before BGP Local Preference and many other BGP Path attributes.

Since this is not BGP’s best path selection post, and assuming you already know the process, please note, Weight attribute is compared before even BGP Local Preference.

But, let’s have a look at the below topology to understand it better.

 

bgp weight attribute

In the above topology, we want to use the left path for the prefixes in AS1, thus we have a higher BGP Local preference value.

As the BGP Local preference value is exchanged internally between all IBGP neighbors, both left and right routers in AS65000, use the left exit point, which is Local Pref 100 to reach the Continue reading

Microsoft launches Azure VMs powered by new Ampere Altra Arm-based chips

Microsoft has announced the public preview of its new Azure virtual machines powered by the Arm-based Ampere Altra server processors.The VM series includes the general-purpose Dpsv5 and memory-optimized Epsv5 virtual machines, which Microsoft claims can deliver up to 50% better price-performance than comparable IBM x86-based VMs.The new VMs have been specifically engineered to efficiently run scale-out workloads, web servers, application servers, open-source databases, cloud-native and rich .NET applications, Java applications, gaming servers, and media servers.To read this article in full, please click here

Microsoft launches Azure VMs powered by new Ampere Altra Arm-based chips

Microsoft has announced the public preview of its new Azure virtual machines powered by the Arm-based Ampere Altra server processors.The VM series includes the general-purpose Dpsv5 and memory-optimized Epsv5 virtual machines, which Microsoft claims can deliver up to 50% better price-performance than comparable IBM x86-based VMs.The new VMs have been specifically engineered to efficiently run scale-out workloads, web servers, application servers, open-source databases, cloud-native and rich .NET applications, Java applications, gaming servers, and media servers.To read this article in full, please click here

BGP Interview Questions

BGP Interview questions and answers are shared here. In this post, we will look at some of the important BGP questions that are asked in the Interviews and some of the certification exams. You can consider this as a BGP Quiz and test your BGP knowledge.

Which of the below option is the reason to run IBGP? (Choose Two)

A. It is used for the reachability between PE devices in the MPLS network

B. It is used to carry EBGP prefixes inside an Autonomous System

C. It is used with Route Reflectors for the scalability reason in large scale networks

D. It is used to prevent failures outside your network from impacting your internal network operation

Answer: One of the correct answers to this question is to carry EBGP prefixes inside an Autonomous system. IGP is used for the reachability between PE devices in an MPLS network. Option C is valid but not the correct answer, because; the question is asking about the reasons, not the best practices.

Option D is one of the correct answers as well because, with IBGP, the internal network is protected from outside failures by separating the local failure domains.
That’s why; the answers to Continue reading

BGP Labeled Unicast Interoperability Challenges

Jeff Tantsura left me tantalizing hint after reading the BGP Labeled Unicast on Cisco IOS blog post:

Read carefully “Relationship between SAFI-4 and SAFI-1 Routes” section in RFC 8277

The start of that section doesn’t look promising (and it gets worse):

It is possible that a BGP speaker will receive both a SAFI-11 route for prefix P and a SAFI-42 route for prefix P. Different implementations treat this situation in different ways.

Now for the details:

Read more …

BGP Labeled Unicast Interoperability Challenges

Jeff Tantsura left me tantalizing hint after reading the BGP Labeled Unicast on Cisco IOS blog post:

Read carefully “Relationship between SAFI-4 and SAFI-1 Routes” section in RFC 8277

The start of that section doesn’t look promising (and it gets worse):

It is possible that a BGP speaker will receive both a SAFI-11 route for prefix P and a SAFI-42 route for prefix P. Different implementations treat this situation in different ways.

Now for the details:

Read more …

AMD grabs DPU maker Pensando for a cool $1.9B

Advanced Micro Devices took a big step toward competing in data-center networking with its announced agreement to acquire Pensando for approximately $1.9 billion.   AMD wants the DPU-based architecture and technology Pensando is developing that includes intelligent, programmable software to support software-defined cloud, compute, networking, storage, and security services that could be rolled out quickly in edge, colocation, or service-provider networks.What is SDN and where it’s going “There are a wide range of use cases—such as 5G and IoT—that need to support lots of low latency traffic,” Soni Jiandani, Pensando co-founder and chief business office told Network World last November:“We’ve taken a ground-up approach to giving enterprise customers a fully programmable system with the ability to support multiple infrastructure services without dedicated CPUs.”To read this article in full, please click here

AMD grabs DPU maker Pensando for a cool $1.9B

Advanced Micro Devices took a big step toward competing in data-center networking with its announced agreement to acquire Pensando for approximately $1.9 billion.   AMD wants the DPU-based architecture and technology Pensando is developing that includes intelligent, programmable software to support software-defined cloud, compute, networking, storage, and security services that could be rolled out quickly in edge, colocation, or service-provider networks.What is SDN and where it’s going “There are a wide range of use cases—such as 5G and IoT—that need to support lots of low latency traffic,” Soni Jiandani, Pensando co-founder and chief business office told Network World last November:“We’ve taken a ground-up approach to giving enterprise customers a fully programmable system with the ability to support multiple infrastructure services without dedicated CPUs.”To read this article in full, please click here

IBM z16: A mainframe designed for AI, hybrid cloud, security and open source

Today’s announcement of IBM’s new z16 mainframes promises a system that caters to enterprise needs that include support for AI, security, hybrid cloud, and open source efforts well into the future.The new, more powerful and feature-rich Big Iron boasts an AI accelerator built onto its core Telum processor that can do 300 billion deep-learning inferences per day with one millisecond latency and includes what IBM calls a quantum-safe system to protect organizations from anticipated quantum-based security threats. [Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]To read this article in full, please click here

IBM z16: A mainframe designed for AI, hybrid cloud, security and open source

Today’s announcement of IBM’s new z16 mainframes promises a system that caters to enterprise needs that include support for AI, security, hybrid cloud, and open source efforts well into the future.The new, more powerful and feature-rich Big Iron boasts an AI accelerator built onto its core Telum processor that can do 300 billion deep-learning inferences per day with one millisecond latency and includes what IBM calls a quantum-safe system to protect organizations from anticipated quantum-based security threats. [Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters.]To read this article in full, please click here

IBM’s game-changing mainframe moments

With the advent of the latest generation of IBM mainframes – the z16 – Big Blue is furthering one of the most successful technology systems the IT world has known.  Here are a few key moments in the history of the Big Iron:IBM 360 In 1964 IBM began what many would consider the first true series of mainframes, the IBM 360. At the time IBM said its central processors included 19 combinations of graduated speed and memory capacity. The system also included more than 40 types of peripheral equipment  for entering, storing, and retrieving information. Built-in communications capability made the System/360 available to remote terminals, regardless of distance.To read this article in full, please click here

IBM’s game-changing mainframe moments

With the advent of the latest generation of IBM mainframes – the z16 – Big Blue is furthering one of the most successful technology systems the IT world has known.  Here are a few key moments in the history of the Big Iron:IBM 360 In 1964 IBM began what many would consider the first true series of mainframes, the IBM 360. At the time IBM said its central processors included 19 combinations of graduated speed and memory capacity. The system also included more than 40 types of peripheral equipment  for entering, storing, and retrieving information. Built-in communications capability made the System/360 available to remote terminals, regardless of distance.To read this article in full, please click here

IBM’s game-changing mainframe moments

With the advent of the latest generation of IBM mainframes – the z16 – Big Blue is furthering one of the most successful technology systems the IT world has known.  Here are a few key moments in the history of the Big Iron:IBM 360 In 1964 IBM began what many would consider the first true series of mainframes, the IBM 360. At the time IBM said its central processors included 19 combinations of graduated speed and memory capacity. The system also included more than 40 types of peripheral equipment  for entering, storing, and retrieving information. Built-in communications capability made the System/360 available to remote terminals, regardless of distance.To read this article in full, please click here

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