Global CCDE List

Global CCDE List

How many CCDEs are there in the world? What country has the most CCDEs? How do you become a CCDE Global List member? You can find out the answers to these questions below. If you have a CCDE number, if you changed your country or company share it in the comment box below or contact me directly. This list will be updated as soon as new members are accredited. You can be the one of them.More than 60 of these CCDEs passed the exam after Orhan Ergun’s CCDE bootcamp.

Check Orhan Ergun’s CCDE Training Program

Total Number of CCDE: 430

GLOBAL CCDE LIST

4 Main Design Principles of Mobile Networks

4 Main, Key Design Principles of Mobile Networks – I will explain the 4 key design principles of cellular networks in plain English.

In fact I should have said, cell based systems as mobile networks may not be design based on cell based architecture.

Let me explain what would be the other deployment option for the mobile network, other than cell based systems and then will highlight the 4 main characteristics of cell based mobile networks.

Before, cellular systems designed, mobile network operators used to place their radio transmitters at the tallest buildings in the area which they want to provide a coverage. Single, very high-power transmitters was used to cover very large geographic areas.

With the cell based telephone systems, so many  low-power, small coverage area transmitters are used instead of a single, powerful, monolithic transmitter to cover a wide area.

This is first design principles of cell based mobile phone networks.

Second design principle of cell based systems is frequency reuse.

I hared a post on wireless frequency spectrum allocation problem here. Read it as well, if you want to understand the limit and the problems of electromagnetic frequency spectrum.

The second design principle which is frequency reuse, takes Continue reading

MANET: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The MANET stands for mobile ad hoc network; in practice, the term generally applies to ad hoc wireless networks of sufficient complexity that some internal routing mechanism is needed to enable full connectivity.

The term mesh network is also used for MANETs.

MANET nodes communicate by radio signals with a finite range, as in the Figure – 1 below.

Each node’s radio range is represented by a circle centered about that node. In general, two MANET nodes

may be able to communicate only by relaying packets through intermediate nodes, as is the case for nodes

A and G in the diagram above.

Mobile Ad Hoc networks can use any wireless mechanism

In the field, the radio range of each node may not be very circular, due to signal reflection. An additional complication arises when the nodes (or even just obstructions) are moving in real time (hence the “mobile” of MANET); this means that a working route may stop working a short time later.

For this reason, routing within MANETs is a good deal more complex than routing in an Ethernet. A switched Ethernet, for example, is required to be loop-free, so there is never a choice among multiple alternative routes.

MANETs in general do not support broadcast, Continue reading

Wireless ISPs Spectrum Problem

Wireless ISPs also known as WISP mostly use unlicensed frequency spectrum. Frequency spectrum is the most critical asset for the Mobile and Wireless networks and it is sold in auctions for 100s of millions of dollars.

Frequency spectrum is managed by the governments and governments in general, sell frequency spectrum in auctions.

And some frequencies are really expensive, I am talking about 100s of millions of dollars. But frequency spectrum is so important  ? Why it is a problem with Wireless Internet Service Providers ? What is Wireless Internet Service Provider in the first place ? I explain all these questions during my Telecom Training but I wanted to share below post with you.

Below you will find a very nice write up from one of the founding members of the Wireless Internet Service Providers Association (WISPA).

Although it is written for the U.S government, situation is the same in every country for the Wireless Internet Service Providers.

Congress – Stop Selling Our Airwaves!

by John Scrivner

Do you have little or no access to broadband (high speed) Internet? Then forward this note to your Congressman to get this fixed.

Broadband is something most Americans take for granted. That is unless Continue reading

GRE Tunnels – Generic Routing Encapsulation – Use Cases

GRE Tunnels 

GRE tunnels are by far most common tunnelling technology. Very easy to setup, troubleshoot and operate. But in large scale deployment, configuring GRE tunnels become cumbersome, because GRE tunnel is a point to point tunnel.

GRE Tunnel Characteristics 

• GRE tunnels are manual point to point tunnels. Tunnel end points are not automatically derived. Network operator needs to configure the tunnel end points manually.

• Supports routing protocols to run over. You can run any routing protocols on top of GRE tunnels.

• IPv4 and IPv6 can be transported over GRE. Some VPN technologies may not support IPv6 or IPv6 routing protocols.

• Non-IP protocols such as IPX, SNA etc. can be carried over GRE tunnel as well. Most of the tunnelling technologies cannot carry Non- IP traffic. For example, IPSEC tunnel cannot carry Non-IP Traffic.

• If there are too many sites that need to communicate with each other, GRE is not scalable. But in Hub and Spoke topologies it can be used since whenever new spoke site is added, only new site and hub should be revisited. Not all the spokes need configuration.

• Even though in Hub and Spoke topologies, the configuration can be too long on the Continue reading

Introduction to VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Introduction to VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Let’s start with the definition. VPN is a logical network and created over shared physical infrastructure.

Shared infrastructure can be private such as MPLS VPN of a Service Provider or over the Public infrastructure such as Internet.

There are many concepts to understand VPN in detail but in this article I will cover the definition, common design considerations, and some not well known concepts about it.

We can group VPNs into two categories. WAN and the Datacenter VPN Technologies.

WAN VPN Technologies

1.GRE

2.mGRE (Multipoint GRE)

3. IPSEC

4. DMVPN

5.GETVPN

6.L2TPV3

7.LISP

8. MPLS L3 VPN

Datacenter VPN Technologies

1.EoMPLS (Ethernet over MPLS (a.k.a VPWS)

2. VPLS (Virtual Private Lan Service)

3. OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualization)

4. EVPN

5. PBB-EVPN

6. VXLAN (And other host based overlays such as NVGRE, STT, GENEVE)

Of course this is not the complete list. Please note that some of the technologies which I grouped into WAN technologies can be used in the Datacenter and vice versa.

For example LISP can be used in Datacenter as well and VPWS and VPLS can be used on the Wide Area Network as well.

I Continue reading

Should I use Cisco OTV for the Datacenter Interconnect ?

Should I use Cisco OTV for the Datacenter Interconnect? This question comes from not only from my students but also the companies which I provide consultancy.

I will not go through the OTV details, how it works, design recommendations etc. But let me remind you what is OTV and why OTV is used , Where it makes sense very briefly. 

OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualization) is a tunnelling mechanism which provides to carry Layer 2 ethernet frame in IP. (As I indicated in other articles, when I say MAC in IP, it is the same thing with MAC over IP).

So, OTV is Layer 2 in Layer 3 tunnelling mechanism. You can hear it is an encapsulation mechanism as well, which is true although there is small difference.

You don’t need to have MPLS underlay to create OTV tunnels. It uses IS-IS for the MAC address reachability and stops layer 2 protocol PDUs at the OTV Edge device where encapsulation happens.

This is good because, you don’t want to extend Layer 2 protocol PDUs such as Spanning Tree if you have multiple datacenters. Failure stays and affects only one datacenter, not all. (Failure domain boundary concept)

Another datacenter interconnect requirement Continue reading

Carrier Ethernet – Definition | Service Types | Requirements

CARRIER ETHERNET DEFINITION

Carrier Ethernet is an attempt to expand Ethernet beyond the borders of Local Area Network (LAN), into the Wide Area Networks (WAN).

With Carrier Ethernet, customer sites are connected through the Wide Area Network. Carriers have connected the customers with ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and Frame Relay interfaces in the past. (User to Network Interface/UNI).

Carrier Ethernet is not about the Ethernet within the Local Area Networks.

Driver of Carrier Ethernet is; since Ethernet is the de-facto protocol on the Local Area Network, why not to use Ethernet everywhere, and not only within LAN. When any other Wide Area Network protocol is used such as ATM, customer Ethernet frame is encapsulated into another protocol.

This reduces the overall efficiency of customer service, consumes more network bandwidth, makes troubleshooting harder and many other drawbacks.

Carrier Ethernet is also known as Carrier Class Ethernet and Carrier Grade Ethernet.

Another reason for Carrier Ethernet is; Ethernet interfaces and the devices are cheaper compare to the other technologies. This result cheaper service to the customers.

CARRIER ETHERNET REQUIREMENTS  

Traditional Ethernet lacks many features which are required to transport critical services, time sensitive applications and voice services.

These are:

• Traffic Engineering
• Bandwidth Guarantee
• Quality of Service
• OAM
• Decoupling of Providing and Customer Networks
• Continue reading

What is Colocation, POP , Carrier Hotels and Meetme Room ?

What is Colocation, POP , Carrier Hotels and Meetme Room ?

If you are working in operator domain or a network engineer who wants to learn what is colocation , what is POP (Point of Presence) , how POPs are physically connected , POP terminology , understand meetme room and carrier hotel, this post is for you.

POP locations can be located in the Datacenter or in very small buildings , meetme room and the carrier hotel is placed in the datacenter.

Colocation is provided by the datacenters.

But there are other details which you should be aware.

I explained these details in the below video. This video is one of the 20 topics from the network interconnection module of Service Provider Design Workshop. You can take this workshop and watch the on demand 10+hours service provider technology videos right away.

If you are not a subscriber yet ,you should subscribe to youtube channel right now.

If you any question or comment, please share in the comment box below.

Orhan Ergun

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Qualcomm Bolsters 5G Outlook on Silicon Demand

How to harden web browsers against cyberattacks

Use these techniques to limit attackers’ ability to compromise systems and websites.

Digital Realty’s Plan to Overthrow Equinix Hinges On Data Gravity

Infoblox Snaps Up SnapRoute, Eyes SASE Market

Printers: The overlooked security threat in your enterprise | TECHtalk

Printers, often a forgotten target in the enterprise, are vulnerable to all the usual cyberattacks. Watch as IDG TECH(talk) hosts Ken Mingis and Juliet Beauchamp and CSO Online’s J.M. Porup discuss the threats to these devices, plus how to secure them and protect your network.

T-Mobile’s ‘Nationwide’ 5G Goes Live Dec. 6

DX NetOps Intent Based Networking for SD-WAN

This $387 Azure certification prep bundle is currently on sale for $29

Modern tech companies require more computing power than ever before, so many of them are turning to cloud services like Microsoft Azure to meet their needs. As such, becoming cloud-certified is a necessity if you want to pursue today’s highest-paying IT jobs. With this 4-course bundle, you can become an Azure master for just $29. To read this article in full, please click here

Musing: WiFi Alliance Copyright Assertions

word trademark salad

The post Musing: WiFi Alliance Copyright Assertions appeared first on EtherealMind.

Social Media Crisis Drives Ongoing Decline In Global Internet Freedom

Global Internet freedom declined for the ninth consecutive year in 2019, largely as a result of social media increasingly being used by governments around the world as a conduit for mass surveillance and electoral manipulation. The Freedom on the Net 2019 report, the latest edition of the annual country-by-country assessment of Internet freedom, was released on November 5 by Freedom House, and highlights the shift in social media from a level playing field for civic discussion to an instrument of political distortion and societal control.

The Freedom on the Net 2019 report analyzed Internet freedom in 65 countries worldwide, covering 87% of global Internet users. Surveyed countries are designated as ‘Free’, ‘Partly Free’, or ‘Not Free’ based on an examination of, and scoring against, three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights.

Of the 65 countries assessed, 33 of them saw Internet freedom decline over the last year, with the biggest drops observed in Sudan and Kazakhstan. The longtime presidents of both countries were ousted, leading to widespread blocking of social media platforms, disruptions of Internet connectivity, and the increased use of electronic surveillance to undermine free expression.

The report called digital platforms Continue reading

Explore the Content Outline of Our Networking in Public Clouds Online Course

A few days ago we published the content outline for our Networking in Public Clouds online course.

We’ll start with the basics, explore the ways to automate cloud deployments (after all, you wouldn’t want to repeat the past mistakes and configure everything with a GUI, would you?), touch on compute and storage infrastructure, and the focus on the networking aspects of public cloud deployments including: