Kubernetes Unpacked 001: Prerequisites For Kubernetes Success

Welcome to the inaugural episode of Kubernetes Unpacked, a new podcast in the Packet Pushers Community Channel. The goal of this podcast is to help IT professionals understand Kubernetes: how it works; how and why it's used; how to deploy, operate, and manage the platform on premises and in the cloud; Kubernetes networking and security concepts; and more.

The post Kubernetes Unpacked 001: Prerequisites For Kubernetes Success appeared first on Packet Pushers.

Look to Google to solve looming data-center speed challenges

When you think of data-center networking, you almost certainly think of Ethernet switches. These gadgets have been the foundation of the data-center network for decades, and there are still more Ethernet switches sold into data-center applications than any other technology.  Network planners, though, are starting to see changes in applications, and those changes are suggesting that it’s time to think a bit harder about data center network options. Your data center is changing, and so should its network.To read this article in full, please click here

Look to Google to solve looming data-center speed challenges

When you think of data-center networking, you almost certainly think of Ethernet switches. These gadgets have been the foundation of the data-center network for decades, and there are still more Ethernet switches sold into data-center applications than any other technology.  Network planners, though, are starting to see changes in applications, and those changes are suggesting that it’s time to think a bit harder about data center network options. Your data center is changing, and so should its network.To read this article in full, please click here

Vultr offers affordable access to Nvidia GPUs

Cloud services provider Vultr has launched what it claims is the first GPU virtualization platform for smaller and midsize companies that don’t need the much more powerful and much more expensive options offered by the big cloud players.When Nvidia introduced its Ampere A100 processor in 2020, it emphasized that it was the first graphics processor to support Multi-Instance GPU, or MIG. This allows for partitioning the GPU into seven virtual GPUs, in much the same way a hypervisor partitions CPU cores.Now Vultr says it’s the first cloud provider to offer fractional A100 GPU instances to customers through its Vultr Talon platform. The company notes there’s no one size fits all when it comes to customer workloads. Other cloud services providers that offer GPU instances make the full GPU available for a hefty price. Talon is a much smaller instance with a much lower price for customers who just need a snack, not a seven-course meal.To read this article in full, please click here

Worth Reading: Resolverless DNS

Every network engineer should be familiar with the DNS basics – after all, all network failures are caused by DNS… unless it’s BGP.

The May 2022 ISP Column by Geoff Huston is an excellent place to brush up on your DNS basics and learn about new ideas, including a clever one to push DNS entries that will be needed in the future to a web client through a DNS-over-HTTPS session.

Worth Reading: Resolverless DNS

Every network engineer should be familiar with the DNS basics – after all, all network failures are caused by DNS… unless it’s BGP.

The May 2022 ISP Column by Geoff Huston is an excellent place to brush up on your DNS basics and learn about new ideas, including a clever one to push DNS entries that will be needed in the future to a web client through a DNS-over-HTTPS session.

Once Again, Meta Buys Rather Than Builds A Supercomputer

For a company that has been so enthusiastic about designing and building its own infrastructure and datacenters, Meta Platforms, the parent company to Facebook as well as WhatsApp and Instagram and one of the champions of the metaverse virtual reality a lot of us first read about in Burning Chrome, sure has not been building its own AI supercomputers lately. …

Once Again, Meta Buys Rather Than Builds A Supercomputer was written by Timothy Prickett Morgan at The Next Platform.

Concatenating strings and using += in bash

It's quite easy to get bash to concatenate strings and do simple math on Linux, but there are a number of options for you to use. This post focusses on concatenating strings, but also shows how one of the operators (+=) also plays a primary role in incrementing numbers.Concatenating strings In general, the only time that you'd want to concatenate strings on Linux is when one string is already defined and you want to add more to it. For example, if you have a script that greets the person running it, you might set up a string in the script to prepare the greeting and then add the person's username or name before displaying it. [ Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters. ]To read this article in full, please click here

Concatenating strings and using += in bash

It's quite easy to get bash to concatenate strings and do simple math on Linux, but there are a number of options for you to use. This post focusses on concatenating strings, but also shows how one of the operators (+=) also plays a primary role in incrementing numbers.Concatenating strings In general, the only time that you'd want to concatenate strings on Linux is when one string is already defined and you want to add more to it. For example, if you have a script that greets the person running it, you might set up a string in the script to prepare the greeting and then add the person's username or name before displaying it. [ Get regularly scheduled insights by signing up for Network World newsletters. ]To read this article in full, please click here

Broadcom targets enterprise infrastructure with $61B VMware acquisition

Semiconductor manufacturer and infrastructure software giant Broadcom will acquire virtualization and enterprise cloud vendor VMware in a deal worth roughly $61 billion in stock and cash, the companies announced on Thursday. Broadcom will also assume $8 billion of VMware net debt as part of the deal.The deal, which is still subject to customary regulatory approval and closing conditions, will see the existing Broadcom Software Group fully rebranded as VMware.The deal is the latest in Broadcom's years-long pattern of high-profile acquisitions. The company acquired network switching vendor Brocade in 2016 for almost $6 billion, development and security software firm CA Technologies in 2018 for $19 billion, and security firm Symantec's enterprise security business in 2019 for over $10 billion.To read this article in full, please click here

Broadcom targets enterprise infrastructure with $61B VMware acquisition

Semiconductor manufacturer and infrastructure software giant Broadcom will acquire virtualization and enterprise cloud vendor VMware in a deal worth roughly $61 billion in stock and cash, the companies announced on Thursday. Broadcom will also assume $8 billion of VMware net debt as part of the deal.The deal, which is still subject to customary regulatory approval and closing conditions, will see the existing Broadcom Software Group fully rebranded as VMware.The deal is the latest in Broadcom's years-long pattern of high-profile acquisitions. The company acquired network switching vendor Brocade in 2016 for almost $6 billion, development and security software firm CA Technologies in 2018 for $19 billion, and security firm Symantec's enterprise security business in 2019 for over $10 billion.To read this article in full, please click here

Cisco: Enterprises grapple with hybrid-cloud security, operational complexity

Hybrid cloud and multicloud have become the norm as enterprises look to improve business agility and scalability, but adoption is not without challenges.A new study from Cisco and 451 Research sought to gauge how enterprises are doing with their cloud environments and examine the benefits and challenges of using cloud-based services. 451 Research interviewed 2,500 cloud, DevOps, and networking professionals for the Cisco-sponsored survey. Read more: Hybrid cloud success: 5 things to forget about, 4 things to rememberTo read this article in full, please click here

Why Core or Backbone is used in Networking?

Why Core or Backbone is used in Networking?. Before we start explaining this question, let’s note that these two terms are used interchangeably. Usually, Service Providers use Backbone, and Enterprise Networks use Core terminology but they are the same thing.

Why Network Core is Necessary?

The Key Characteristics of the Core, the Backbone part of the networks are:

  • High-Speed Connectivity. Today it is 100s of Gigabit networks and is usually used as a bundle to increase the capacity.
  • Bringing Internet Gateway, Access, Aggregation, and Datacenter networks together. It connects many different parts of the network, and glues together.
  • Redundancy and High Availability are so important. Redundant physical circuits and devices are very common.
  • Failure impact is so high in this module, compared to other modules
  • Full Mesh or Partial Mesh deployment is seen mostly as these type of topologies provides the most amount of redundancy and the direct path between the different locations.
  • Commonly known in the Operator community as Backbone or ‘P Layer

Redundancy in this module is very important.

Most of the Core Network deployments in ISP networks are based on Full Mesh or Partial Mesh.

The reason for having full mesh physical connectivity in the Core network Continue reading

Multicast BIER – Bit Indexed Explicit Replication

Multicast BIER – RFC8279

Bit Index Explicit Replication – BIER is an architecture that provides optimal multicast forwarding through a “BIER domain” without requiring intermediate routers to maintain any multicast-related per-flow state. BIER also does not require any explicit tree-building protocol for its operation.

So, it removes the need for PIM, MLDP, P2MP LSPs RSVP, etc.

A multicast data packet enters a BIER domain at a “Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router” (BFIR), and leaves the BIER domain at one or more “Bit-Forwarding Egress Routers” (BFERs).

The BFIR router adds a BIER header to the packet.

The BIER header contains a bit-string in which each bit represents exactly one BFER to forward the packet to.

The set of BFERs to which the multicast packet needs to be forwarded is expressed by setting the bits that correspond to those routers in the BIER header.

Multicast BIER Advantages

The obvious advantage of BIER is that there is no per-flow multicast state in the core of the network and there is no tree building protocol that sets up trees on-demand based on users joining a multicast flow.

In that sense, BIER is potentially applicable to many services where Multicast is used.

Many Service Providers currently investigating Continue reading

Navigating NSX Module in PowerCLI 12.6

With the release of PowerCLI 12.6, a new module VMware.Sdk.Nsx.Policy was added to provide PowerShell binding for NSX Policy Manager APIs. This new module is auto generated from the NSX Policy API spec exposing all the features related to policy objects in NSX. The module also exposes cmdlets to Create/Edit/Delete NSX objects. This blog explains the use of PowerCLI NSX module, goes through all the different ways new cmdlets can be found and shows how to view documentation on the cmdlets with examples.

Navigating the new cmdlets

Along with the cmdlets to connect, disconnect and modify the NSX objects, there are a few helper cmdlets that make looking up new relevant cmdlets very easy.

The first one is Get-NsxOperation. This is a new feature in VMware.Sdk.Nsx.Policy and is ideal with you need to find the PowerCLI command that corresponds to an API operation and vice versa. You can also narrow down the search result using Where-Object and Select-Object filters.

Example:

Get-NsxOperation -Method GET -Path '/infra/segments'

Since the cmdlets by default returns all paths that start with /infra/segments you can also limit the search to exact match with client-side filter:

Get-NsxOperation -Method get  Continue reading
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